Need theories are concerned with what motivates workers (e.g. needs and their associated goals).
Process theories are concerned with how various factors motivate people.
Process theories of motivation are based on early cognitive theories, which posit that behavior is the result of conscious decision-making processes. The major process theories of motivation are expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, and reinforcement theory.
I prefer the
need theories because I like the idea that individuals are unique and have different sources of motivation. I learned this to be true very early in my life, when I would be easily motivated to do something if my parents offered me chocolate, yet my brother needed a different reward to do the same task, like the promise of playing video games. I believe this is a necessary thing that all managers need to understand and be aware of. The basis of this theory is that absence of motivating factors can result in negative performance. Some important features of the need theories are:
- Specific needs should be identified, which gives rise to desired behavior.
- Rewards satisfy individual needs. Identifying them creates an impact through motivational programs of the managers.
- Needs vary depending on peoples experiences, and it is important to design motivation program in the manner that it satisfies their needs.
- Performance is based on the rewards offered. This, it is necessary to offer proper rewards.
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