1) Stages in Development
A) First trimester
B) Second trimester
C) Third trimester
Match the developmental milestone below with the appropriate trimester numbered above.
Developmental Milestone Letter
The embryonic heart begins to beat Answer
The placenta is formed Answer
The eyes are open Answer
The testes descend into the scrotum Answer
2) Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the umbilical cord?
a. The umbilical cord consists of two arteries and one vein.
b. The placenta connects to the embryon via the umbilical cord.
c. The umbilical cord is formed from the yolk sac and the allantois.
d. The umbilical cord is formed from the chorion.
3) SEE IMAGE ATTACHED PLEASE FIRST PHOTO
4) Use the following information to answer the next question.
Congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart at birth. It can involve the chambers, valves, or walls of the heart or the arteries and veins near the heart. The effects can be minor to life threatening requiring extensive surgery.
Congenital heart defect may result from initial problems with which of the following embryo germ cells?
a. Mesoderm
b. Gastroderm
c. Endoderm
d. Ectoderm
5) Neural tube defect (NTD) is a serious birth defect affecting the central nervous system of newborn babies. NTD can be prevented during pregnancy by ensuring that new mothers are taking folic acid supplements on a regular basis.
It is recommended that any woman who is not actively trying to prevent conception, should be taking folic acid supplements.
There is no unsafe amount of vitamins for pregnant women. Therefore, it is better to double up on the dose than to miss a dose of folic acid.
Folic acid is naturally found in spinach, broccoli, bread, and lentils. It is possible to obtain adequate amounts of folate without taking the supplement.
Without adequate levels of folic acid, the chance of having a baby with spina bifida or anencephaly increases dramatically.
Folic acid supplements can be taken after a woman finds out that she is pregnant as folic acid is only necessary to promote neural development.
Which of the statements above about nutrition and pregnancy are not correct? List them in the descending order, from highest to lowest number.
ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER
6) Which of the following rows correctly identifies the stage in development and the embryonic age most sensitive to teratogens, respectively?
a. Stage Embryonic Age
Embryo 6 to 12 weeks
b. Stage Embryonic Age
Embryo 0 to 9 weeks
c. Stage Embryonic Age
Fetus 9 to 16 weeks
d. Stage Embryonic Age
Fetus 6 to 40 weeks
7) Alcohol is the one of the most damaging teratogens, and it is also the easiest to avoid during pregnancy. It is unknown what the safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is. Therefore, it is recommended that pregnant and breastfeeding women do not consume any amount of alcohol to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome in newborns.
Symptoms of the fetal alcohol syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT
a. a lack of oxygen delivered to fetal lungs
b. a smaller or absent corpus callosum
c. a learning disability, personality disorder, and facial malformation
d. a smaller birth weight, length, and head circumference
8) The central nervous system is involved in parturition through all of the following EXCEPT
a. stimulating the uterus to contract by oxytocin
b. producing oxytocin in the hypothalamus
c. stretching of the cervix sensed by the CNS
d. releasing oxytocin through posterior pituitary
10) Which of the following hormones are involved in uterine contractions during parturition?
a. Prostaglandins and prolactin
b. Prolactin and oxytocin
c. Oxytocin and prostaglandins
d. Estrogen and progesterone
11) At the end of pregnancy, the smooth muscle contractions indicating the onset of labour are triggered as a result of
a. increasing levels of FSH and LH
b. decreasing levels of estrogen
c. increasing levels of progesterone and estrogen
d. decreasing levels of progesterone
12) Labour is controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems through a positive feedback system.
In which example have we encountered another positive feedback system in Biology 30?
a. Prolactin during lactation
b. FSH levels during sperm production
c. Progesterone during menstruation
d. Reflex loop in the PNS
13) There are two hormones involved in lactation. The hormone involved in the production of the milk and the hormone involved in releasing milk, respectively, are
a. colostrum and oxytocin
b. oxytocin and prolactin
c. prolactin and progesterone
d. prolactin and oxytocin
14) SEE SECOND PHOTO ATTACHED TO ANSWER
15) Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
Oxytocin is a reproductive hormone associated with parturition and lactation. A research study examined the blood serum levels of oxytocin in patients who have Type 2 diabetes and those with normal blood glucose levels. Each group was then subdivided into normal weight patients and obese patients. The levels of oxytocin were found to be lower in the obese patients with Type 2 diabetes than in the normal weight patients with normal blood glucose levels.
Select the possible side effects that a lower level of oxytocin may have on a patient.
Naturally occurring labour
Induced labour
Weaker uterine contractions during labour
Stronger uterine contractions during labour
Increased levels of prostaglandins
Decreased levels of prostaglandins
Increased movement of milk into the breast
Decrease movement of milk into the breast
Record your answers in ascending (lowest to highest) order.
Answer
Answer
Answer
Answer