According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __ by clarifying performance

Instrumentalities

Instrumentality refers to the belief of an individual of receiving valued outcome by performing well. Expectancy approach is nothing but the processes where the individual make choices and is motivated based on the reward received. The preference element of the preference-expectancy approach is concerned with the value that the employee places on the rewards that the organization offers because employees will not value whatever rewards that are provided to them and they value the available rewards differently. Example - Promotion within the same organization is valued more than promotion that may result in transfer to the new city to some employees.

Thus, according to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' instrumentalities by clarifying performance-reward relationships and confirming these relationships when rewards are actually given for performance accomplishments.