Activity 1
Which rat had the fastest baseline metabolic rate? Normal Rat
Why did the metabolic rates differ? The hypophysectomized rat lacked thyroid-stimulating hormone. The thyroidectomized rat lacked thyroxine hormone.
Activity 2
What was the effect of thyroxine on the normal rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the normal rat’s baseline metabolic rate? Thyroxine caused the metabolic rate to increase; it was faster.
Why was this effect seen? Because it stimulates heart rate, heat, and other things related to metabolic rate
What was the effect of thyroxine on the thyroidectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the thyroidectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? Thyroxine caused the metabolic rate to increase; it was faster.
Why was this effect seen? This effect is seen because the throxine injected compensated for the thyroxine lost when thyroid was removed.
What was the effect of thyroxine on the hypophysectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the hypophysectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? Thyroxine caused the metabolic rate to increase; it was faster.
Activity 3
What was the effect of TSH on the normal rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the normal rat’s baseline metabolic rate? TSH increased the metabolic rate; it was faster.
Why was this effect seen? The TSH increased production of thyroxine.
What was the effect of TSH on the thyroidectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the thyroidectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? It was the same as the baseline rate.
Why was this effect seen? Since there is no thyroid gland in the thyroidectomized rat, the injected TSH had nothing to act upon.
What was the effect of TSH on the hypophysectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the hypophysectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? TSH increased the metabolic rate; it was faster.
Why was this effect seen? The injected TSH compensated for the TSH lost when the pituitary gland was removed, and spurs production of thyroxine.
Activity 4
What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the normal rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the normal rat’s baseline metabolic rate? On the normal rat, the metabolic rate after propylthiouracil injection is slower than the baseline metabolic rate
Why was this effect seen? Propylthiouracil is antagonistic to thyroxine and will tend to decrease the effects of thyroxine.
What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the thyroidectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the thyroidectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? On the thyroidectomized rat, the metabolic rate after propylthiouracil injection is the same as the baseline metabolic rate.
Why was this effect seen? Since the thyroidectomized rat cannot make any thyroxine, the propylthiouracil has nothing to be antagonistic to and therefore has no effect.
What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the hypophysectomized rat’s metabolic rate? How does it compare to the hypophysectomized rat’s baseline metabolic rate? On the hypophysectomized rat, the metabolic rate after propylthiouracil injection is the same as the baseline metabolic rate.
Why was this effect seen? Since the hypophysectomized rat does not have a functional thyroid gland, no thyroxine is being made and there is nothing for the propylthiouracil to be antagonistic to.
Activity 5
T score (control): –2.7 ± 0.15
T score (estrogen): –2.0 ± 0.15
T score (calcitonin): –2.6 ± 0.15
What effect did the administration of estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat?
Estrogen injections changed the rat’s T score from the osteoporosis range to the osteopenia range.
What effect did the administration of calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat?
The calcitonin injections had little to no effect on the rat.
Activity 7
What is the glucose reading where the horizontal line crosses the glucose standard line?
Sample 1: glucose concentration of 95–105 mg/deciliter
Sample 2: glucose concentration of 110–120 mg/deciliter
Sample 3: glucose concentration of 126–136 mg/deciliter
Sample 4: glucose concentration of 115–125 mg/deciliter
Sample 5: glucose concentration of 135–145 mg/deciliter
For which patient(s) were the glucose reading(s) in the normal range?
Patient 1’s glucose reading was in the normal range
For which patient(s) were the fasting plasma glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range?
Patient 3’s and Patient 5’s glucose readings were in the diabetic range.
For which patient(s) were the fasting plasma glucose reading(s) in the impaired range?
Patient 2’s and 4’s glucose readings were in the impaired fasting glucose range.
What recommendations would you make to a patient with an impaired FPG value who also tested in the impaired range with the oral glucose tolerance test? A special diet would be recommended where simple sugars are restricted.
Patient 3 is pregnant; how might this change the diagnosis? What recommendations would you make to this patient? The diagnosis would be gestational diabetes. A special diet would be recommended where simple sugars are restricted.
Activity 8
Patient 1: Cortisol 2.64 mcg/dl Low ACTH 19.47 pg/ml Low
Patient 2: Cortisol 30.22 mcg/dl neither ACTH 13.93 pg/ml neither
Patient 3: Cortisol 43.88 mcg/dl High ACTH 85.36 pg/ml High
Patient 4: Cortisol 3.21 mcg/dl Low ACTH 101.96 pg/ml High
Patient 5: Cortisol 51.98 mcg/dl High ACTH 18.80 pg/ml Low
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