What is jaundice? What can cause jaundice to occur?

Jaundice simply means yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes. It results when bilirubin levels in the blood become elevated (hyperbilirubinemia); superficial blood vessels allow the imparting of yellow color to skin and eyes. During erythrocyte breakdown, the heme is converted in the spleen and liver to a colored pigment called bilirubin. Bilirubin is carried by plasma albumin to the liver where it is metabolized and incorporated into bile. Bile is secreted into the digestive tract, and the bilirubin metabolites leave the body in the feces. Small amounts of other bilirubin metabolites are filtered from the blood into the kidneys, where they contribute to the yellow color of the urine. The accumulation of bilirubin can occur from multiple causes. Newborns, whose fetal hemoglobin is degraded and replaced with adult hemoglobin, are particularly susceptible to jaundice, so doctors closely monitor bilirubin levels in the first weeks of life. Another common cause of jaundice is liver disease, where the liver is unable to process and/or excrete bilirubin. People with darker skin don't display the yellowing to the same extent as lighter-skinned people, but the yellowing in the eyes should be about the same.

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