What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention of dental caries?
A) Fluoride increases calcium absorption, which increases crystal formation of teeth.
B) Decay is inhibited due to neutralization of organic acids produced by bacteria on the teeth.
C) Decay is reduced due to the inhibitory effects of fluoride on growth of bacteria on the teeth.
D) Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay.
Q. 2What best describes the action of immune checkpoint inhibitors?
A) blocking proteins that prevent the immune system from attacking cancer cells
B) attacking immune host cells in transplanted tissue
C) producing new white blood cells from the bone marrow
D) preventing cancer by enhancing immune responses
Q. 3Which characteristic is shared by copper and fluoride?
A) Both may be obtained from drinking tap water.
B) Both serve as cofactors for a number of enzymes.
C) Neither is involved in the integrity of bones and teeth.
D) Neither is known to be toxic at intakes of 10 times the estimated safe and adequate dietary intake.
Q. 4Hematopoietic stem cell transplants can be used as a primary treatment for ____.
A) leukemia
B) gliomas
C) pancreatic cancer
D) breast cancer
Q. 5What is the most likely cause of manganese toxicity?
A) consumption of supplements
B) increased absorption due to genetic defect
C) inhalation of dust contaminated with manganese
D) consumption of foods grown on manganese-rich soils
Q. 6Radiation enteritis is inflammation of the ____ cells.
A) skin
B) epithelial
C) intestinal
D) beta
Q. 7Which meat would be the best source of copper?
A) chicken
B) shellfish
C) beefsteak
D) hamburger