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Greg Greg
wrote...
12 years ago
Hi there!

I'm Erasmus student of Tourism and in a few days I'll have Anatomy & Physiology exam and unfortunately my professor sent me the materials only in Portuguese, which neither I understand, nor am I able to identify the correct answer. If you are familiar with Anatomy & Physiology I believe that it will take you about 15 minutes...

Thank you very much if you'd like to help me and post the answers here.
Free translation from Portuguese to English by google.translate:

The student must indicate the correct answer in the resolution of the test sheet.
1. Which of the following structures of skeletal muscle tissue that are Mysians
     configured as a "true fibrous skeleton of the muscle"?
a) Sarcolemma
b) sarcoplasmic reticulum
c) epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
d) All of the above
e) None of

2. Concerning the structure of the muscle fiber, which of the three components can be distinguished in the skeletal fiber, which is directly related to the process of excitation of the fiber:
a) contractile machinery
b) sarcoplasmic reticulum and specialized structures of the sarcolemma
c) Sarcossomas
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

3.What is the structural unit of the myofibrils
a). Sarcomere
b) Myosin
c) Actin
d) Cross-Bridges
e) None of the above

4. The result is that the shortening of the sarcomere that determines muscle contraction?
a) the presence of calcium in the sarcoplasm
b) the formation of cross bridges
c) the sliding of actin on myosin
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

5. What is the neuromuscular junction?
a) A structure that establishes the relationship between the terminal bud of the neuron and the sarcolemma
b) A structure that establishes the relationship between two motoneurons
c) A structure that establishes the relationship two muscle fibers
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

6. Identify the main factor which determines the muscle relaxation
a) Depletion of ATP sarcoplasmic
b) synaptic fatigue at the neuromuscular junction
c) calcium reuptake
d) All of the above
e) None of the above



7. It is said that the motor unit:
a) It consists of an alpha motoneuron and all muscle fibers that the motoneuron innervates
b) It is the functional unit of the central nervous system uses to regulate muscle contraction
c) integrates a set of muscle fibers that contract synchronously
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

8. What definitions apply to motor group?
a) Set of all motor units that constitute a muscle
b) Set of all the muscles involved in movement
c) agonist and antagonist muscles involved in movement
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

9. The formation of cross bridges depends on the interaction:
a) the calcium ion with the troponin complex of the actin
b) the exposure of the active site of myosin heads to actin
c) Both previous
d) None of the above

10. Indicate which of the processes of resynthesis of ATP occurs in mitochondria?
a) Aerobic Processes
b) Processes lactate anaerobic
c) Process anaerobic lactic
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

11. Creatine phosphate is related to what type of metabolic pathway?
a) Via aerobic
b) anaerobic alactic
c) anaerobic lactic
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

12. Under what conditions is that the end product of glycolysis is lactic acid?
a) In the absence of O2 deficit in fiber
b) With increased acidity in fiber metabolic
c) With the inactivation of the enzymatic machinery affects the aerobic process
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

13. The neuromuscular spindle is a direct relation to protecting the integrity of muscle?
a) Antogonista
b) Agonist
c) Both
d) None of the above
 

14. The inverse myotatic reflex triggers as a result of information received?
a) Neuromuscular Zone
b) Golgi tendon organs
c) joint receptors
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

15. When performing a ballistic movement which of the following protective reflex muscle fires first?
a) Reflection myotatic static
b) Reflection myotatic dynamic
c) Reflection myotatic reverse
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

24. The student will order the sequence of events indicated in the column below in order to represent the description of processes of excitation contraction of the muscle fiber. (The ordering is indicated in the matrix of responses)

a) excitation of skeletal muscle fibers, involving the stimulation process and its spread throughout the sarcolemma;

b) coupling excitation / contraction, which includes the transduction processes of excitation on contractile activity;

c) muscle relaxation

d) the cycle of cross-bridges on the formation and rupture of the cyclic complex actomiosina and power generation and mechanical work;

25. Based on the justifications that have acquired skills on the physiology of muscle contraction, the student will present a clear and concise justification for the phenomenon of rigor mortis. (Answer legibly in the array with and meeting space available for the response (maximum 50 words).

Group I: multiple choice questions. (2.5 values: 0.25 each)

26. Check which of the following are specific properties of the myocardium
a. Automatism
b. Rhythmicity
c. Functional syncytium
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

31. Which of the following exploration techniques should be used to assess the functioning valve:
a. Auscultation and phonocardiogram
b. E.C.G.
c. Pulse
d. None of the above
e. All of the above

27. Identify which are specialized myocardial cells in the generation and conduction of stimuli?
a. Myocardial fibers common
b. Nodal tissue cells
c. Nerve cells in the sympathetic division of the Autonomous SN
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

32. The heart chamber that the blood reaches the heart from all parts of the body?
a. Left atrium
b. Auricle
c. Right ventricle
d. Left ventricle
    e. All of the above

28. Among the labeled structures, which ensure that the direction of blood flow to the heart?
a. Pericardium
b. Cardiac septa
c. Heart valves
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

33. The noises are due to heart?
a. Blood flow in heart chambers
b. Contraction of the ventricles
c. In the vibration of structures resulting from the closure of heart valves
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

29. While noting that a heart valve has two valves and chordae in their free edges are referring us to that valve?
a. Right atrio ventricular
b. Atrio ventricular
c. Sigmoid
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

34. In speaking of the great vessels noted that the pulmonary artery carries:
a. Venous blood
b. Blood pressure
c. Arterial or venous blood, depending on the phase of the cardiac cycle that is
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

30. In a situation in which a check valve incontinence sigmoid aortic valve, we say that this is a heart dysfunction called:
a. Heart murmur
b. Left bundle branch block
c. Bradycardia
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

35. If a heart symptoms of angina pectoris that is due
a. Ischaemia
b. Necrosis
c. Bradycardia
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
 
Group II: Issues of correspondence: (1.5 values: 0.25 each)
The student will match each of the concepts of an item from Column A Column B

Column A Column B
36. Resting heart rate A. Respiratory pump
37. B. blood volume 200 BPM
38. C. Tachycardia 65 mmHg
39. Diastolic blood pressure D. 5 liters
40. Cardiac output in an effort E. 60 BPM
41. Factor in venous return F. 15 liters

The student will indicate which of the following statements are true or false, noting "V" and "F", respectively, in the respective cell of the array of responses.
42. The bundle is part of the nodal tissue structures
43. At the base of the route E.C.G. the P wave corresponds to depolarization of the ventricles
44. The atrioventricular node is described as the pacemaker
45. The first heart sound results from the closure of atrio-ventricular valves

50. Identify which of the following structures is the functional unit of gas exchange
a. Bronchia
b. Trachea
c. Alveoli
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

55. What determines the entry and exit of air from the lungs
a. Temperature difference between the inhaled and exhaled air
b. Difference of partial pressure of water in the air inhaled and exhaled
c. Pressure differences between air and atmospheric air in the lungs
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

51. The main functions of the anatomic dead space are:
a. Heating of inspired air
b. Cleaning the air inhaled
c. Humidification of inspired air
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

56. Which one (s) number (s) factor (s) factor (s) in the production of pulmonary pressures below atmospheric pressure and consequent inspiration
a. Action of the inspiratory muscles
b. Pleural Empty
c. Increased lung volume
d. All previous
e. None of the above

52. Ventilation surface determines a failure at the level of alveolar-capillary gas exchange because:
a. The inhaled air does not reach the area of gas exchange
b. The membrane does not perform respiratory gas exchange
c. Residual air increases
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

 57. The result is that a pneumothorax
a. Entry of air into the intra-pleural
b. Inability of inspiratory muscles
c. Lower airway obstruction
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

53. Which of the following factors determine the existence of a functional dead space:
a. Alveoli not perfused due to obstruction (eg nicotine)
b. Removal of the capillary endothelium to alveolar epithelium relativism
c. Alveolar capillaries unirrigated
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

58. The main molecule responsible for the transport of O2 in blood is:
a. Myoglobin
b. Hemoglobin
c. Albumin
d. All of the above
None of the above
 
54. What determines the eupneic expiration is a passive process
a. Minor traffic breath
b. Resultant force of surface tension of liquids and elasticity of the lung parenchyma
c. Big difference in pressure between air in the lungs and atmospheric air
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

59.Qual structures of the respiratory center ensures the alternation of inspiration to expiration
a. Center apnêustico
b. Medullary rhythmicity center
c. Center pneumotáxico
d. All previous
None of the above

 
Group II: Issues of correspondence: (1.5 values: 0.25 each)
The student will match each of the concepts of an item from Column A Column B
Column A Column B
60. A. Apnea VC + ERV + IRV
61. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) B. 14 breaths per minute regular
62. C. Eupneia IRV + ERV + RV + VC
63. Vital Capacity (VC) D. VC + VRI
64. E. Dyspnea Irregular breaths
Inspiratory 65.Capacidade (CI) F. Absence of respiratory cycles

The student will indicate which of the following statements are true or false, noting "V" and "F", respectively, in the matrix cell responses.
66. The main form of transport of CO2 in the blood is dissolved in blood plasma
67. The alveolar-capillary gas exchange improves during stress because it increases the number of perfused alveolar air and blood
68. The main function of the sneeze is to ensure the cleanliness of the airways
69. The pleura is the serous membrane of double sheet covering the lungs
70. An increase in the ventilation system does not determine tachypnea an increased efficiency of gas exchange.
71. It is said that O2 is the most potent regulator of ventilation
72. Anemia is a lack in the ability of blood to transport O2
73. In a situation of altitude hypoxia observed in the alveoli of the resulting decrease in atmospheric pressure


We present six open questions regarding cardiac function and Ventilation-The student will choose ONE THEME AND EACH ONE AND ONLY (Answer legibly in the array with and meeting space available for response: maximum 50 words).
Cardiac Function

78. Taking as reference the information that can withdraw from Figure 1 (page 7) above, justify why the pressure on right heart pressures are lower than those on the left side of the heart?

79. Taking as reference the information that can withdraw from the graphs 1 (page 7), the student will justify why you hear noises just two and not four during a cardiac cycle and interpret why a bass produces a sharp sound and the other one?

80. Knowing that results from the pulse propagation of an elastic wave through the wall of the arteries result of expansion and contraction of the aorta during the cardiac cycle, the student will indicate which lines from the previous chart this phenomenon occurs.

Ventilatory Function

81. Explain why an increase in ventilation at the expense of a tachypnoea may not determine an increase of efficiency of gas exchange?

82. Interpret why a hemoglobin in the T state (tense) is more difficult to saturate with oxygen that the hemoglobin in the R state (relaxed)?

83. Comment why ventilation is an automatic process, which can be controlled voluntarily?


I've also attached full test with pictures in Portuguese.

Best regards,
Greg
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2 Replies

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Replies
wrote...
Donated
Valued Member
12 years ago
Hi Portuguese Friend! Waving Hand Sign These aren't so bad to do!

3.What is the structural unit of the myofibrils
Rightwards Arrow a). Sarcomere
b) Myosin
c) Actin
d) Cross-Bridges
e) None of the above

4. The result is that the shortening of the sarcomere that determines muscle contraction?
a) the presence of calcium in the sarcoplasm
b) the formation of cross bridges
Rightwards Arrow c) the sliding of actin on myosin
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

5. What is the neuromuscular junction?
Rightwards Arrow a) A structure that establishes the relationship between the terminal bud of the neuron and the sarcolemma
b) A structure that establishes the relationship between two motoneurons
c) A structure that establishes the relationship two muscle fibers
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

7. It is said that the motor unit:
Rightwards Arrow a) It consists of an alpha motoneuron and all muscle fibers that the motoneuron innervates
b) It is the functional unit of the central nervous system uses to regulate muscle contraction
c) integrates a set of muscle fibers that contract synchronously
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

10. Indicate which of the processes of resynthesis of ATP occurs in mitochondria?
Rightwards Arrow a) Aerobic Processes
b) Processes lactate anaerobic
c) Process anaerobic lactic
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

11. Creatine phosphate is related to what type of metabolic pathway?
Rightwards Arrow a) Via aerobic
b) anaerobic alactic
c) anaerobic lactic
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
Greg Author
wrote...
12 years ago
Hi star!
Thanks for your help.
The problem is that I'm not Portuguese and even don't study Anatomosifiologia faculty. This is about Erasmus program in which I'm somehow forced to get evaluation of this subject.

...does anyone know the answers on more difficult questions?

Cheers,
G.
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