What is the effect of photoelectric emission on the material itself?

For example, material X absobrbs energy from an incident beam of photons possessing the threshold frequency for causing emission from X, and starts emitting electeons as a result. My question is, how does this emission affect the material X itself? The material here is losing electrons, its atoms are changing, it is even getting ionized to a very small extent, if thats the right term to use. So whats the overall effect? I was wondering if radiation with threashold frequency hits our eyes, does our eye tissue get damaged because of this effect as well?