psychology 201

11. Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called ________________.
a) classical conditioning                                                  c) memory linkage
b) operant conditioning                                                   d) adaptation

12. The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____________.
a) stimulus generalization                                               c) response generalization
b) stimulus adaptation                                                     d) transfer of habit strength

13. Rescorla’s modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that ______________.
a) the CS substitutes for the UCS
b) there is a biological readiness for conditioning to occur between the CS and UCS
c) the CS has to provide information about the coming of the UCS
d) reinforcement must occur by providing a pleasant event

14. A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ______.
a) classical conditioning                                                  c) vicarious learning
b) operant conditioning                                                   d) cognitive learning

15. Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?
   a) a variable-ratio schedule                                               c) a fixed-interval schedule
   b) a fixed-ratio schedule                                                   d) a continuous schedule
   
16. An example of a discriminative stimulus might be a ________________.
a) stop sign
b) the stimulus that acts as a UCS in classical conditioning
c) the white rat in Watson’s Little Albert study of producing phobias
d) none of these

17. Neurofeedback, the newer version of biofeedback, involves trying to change ____________.
a) brain wave activity                                                   c) heart rate
b) blood pressure                                                          d) body temperature

18. College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to ______.
a) learned helplessness                                                       c) latent learning
b) contingency blocking                                                     d) response generalization

19. Observational learning theory’s foremost proponent is ______.
a) Watson                                                                      c) Skinner
b) Thorndike                                                                 d) Bandura

20. Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning) is called _____________.
a)   the learning/performance distinction                              c) the delayed learning paradigm
b)   the innate performance preference                                 d) the observational delay effect