I need help with a couple of questions, Physioex 8, Exercise 7

Well, the heart pumps the blood which carries the oxygen from lungs to the organs of the body (brain, heart, liver, skin, muscles, etc.) and returns the used up deoxygenated blood full of carbon dioxide back to the lungs. When you breath in air (inhale), you are taking in oxygen as well. That oxygen goes into your lungs and into tiny air sacs called alveoli. Surrounding the alveoli are many capillaries full of deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood. The capillaries brought or circulated that blood from the cells after performing their activities and releasing waste products. The oxygen from the alveoli diffuses into the capillaries and the carbon dioxide waste product in the deoxygenated blood diffuses into the alveoli. Through exhaling you release the carbon dioxide that is now in the alveoli out into the outside air.

The respiratory system takes the oxygen needed for the body from the out side (of the body) and brings it into the lungs where it is diffussed through the lungs into the blood stream. The circulatory system carries the oxygenated blood throughout the body where Oxygen is exchange for waste materials (i.e. Carbondioxide) which is carried back to the lungs where it is let into the atmosphere (exhalation) in exchange for Oxygen (inhalation).

The respiratory system gets oxygen into the circulatory system that takes the oxygen, through the blood-stream, to other parts of the body.

The Heart

How do the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together? The heart is where circulation and cooperation between the respiratory and the cardiovascular systems begin. The heart has two ventricles and two atria. The right ventricle and atrium are where blood is received from the veins. Deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium of the heart. When the heart muscle relaxes, the blood is released from the atrium and into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pushes the blood through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery, where the blood is delivered to the lungs for retrieval of oxygen. The blood is then returned to the left side of the heart. As on the right side, the left atrium receives the blood and sends it to the ventricle when the heart muscle relaxes. Finally, the blood is pushed to the aorta and delivered to the rest of the body.

The Lungs

The lungs are where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged. Lungs are the primary organ in the respiratory system. The process is called gas exchange. When you inhale, the alveoli in the lungs fill with oxygen. The oxygen is sent to blood cells in the capillaries that surround the alveoli. When you exhale, the carbon dioxide in the blood is sent to the alveoli, where it is expelled from the body. At this point, the blood is now filled with oxygen and returns to the heart.

Left Ventricle

The left ventricle is where the oxygenated blood is delivered from the lungs. The left ventricle of the heart opens, and blood is pumped into the chamber to prepare for delivery to the body's tissues. The valve to the aorta opens, and the blood is pumped into the artery. The aorta is the major artery of the body that delivers large amounts of blood to the different parts of the body, including the legs, the arms and the brain.

Arteries

Arteries are the main sources that deliver oxygenated blood to the body, and they are dependent on the lungs for the oxygen. The blood starts at the aorta and travels to the body's extremities. The aorta branches into arterioles, which branch into even smaller vessels called capillaries. These capillaries have very small membranes that allow the oxygen to move across them and into the cells.

Bronchioles and Alveoli

The bronchioles and alveoli are the main parts of the lungs that deliver oxygen to the blood. The bronchioles are branches off the trachea that span the lobes of the lungs in the respiratory system. They terminate in alveoli, the site for gas exchange, which are tiny sacs surrounded by capillaries. When understanding how the cardiovascular system works with the respiratory system, these parts of the lungs are the main site for cardiovascular and respiratory interaction.