chapter 16:endocrine system the actions of hormones on the target cell

What are the questions to be answered?

1. hormone

1. contraction
2. secretion
3. transport
4. synthesis
5. breakdown

2. peptides, catecholamines, On the cell membrane

3. a. GDP (guanosine diphosphate), GTP
b. adenylate cyclase
c. hormone, cAMP
d. protein kinase A
e. amplification
f. phosphodiesterase

4. a. glucose Right Arrow glycogen, amino acids Right Arrow proteins, fatty acids Right Arrow triglycerides
b. anabolic
c. increase
d. sympathetic Right Arrow decrease, parasympathetic Right Arrow increase
e. tyrosine kinase
f. 10 minutes
g. Glucagon, catabolic

5. a. 2
b. hyperglycemia
c. saturated, glucosuria
d. osmotic diuretic
e. plasma lipids, ketones
f. ketosis (ketonemia), ketonuria

6. a. steroid, thyroid, in the cell (cytoplasm or nucleus)
b. chaperone
c. transcription factors
d. DNA
e. enzymes (proteins)

7. steroid
1. Increased gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
2. Increased lipolysis and protein breakdown
3. enhances vasoconstriction
4. inhibits inflammation and immune response

8. regulating metabolic rate
1. alter carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism
2. essential for growth
3. essential for nervous system development and function