LAB

1,Lab Simulation: Urinalysis

Performing and writing lab reports is an integral part of the biology program. This next set of 15 questions will guide you in the development of lab techniques. You are not required to perform the actual lab, but you need an understanding of the steps and you need to be able to report on them.

Lab reports include the following components:

1. title page
2. purpose or problem
3. hypothesis
4. prediction
5. materials  
6. procedure
7. observations (collection of data)
8. analysis (expected results VS actual results)
9. conclusion and/or evaluation

Background Information:
People that do not have a normal working pancreas have a condition known as diabetes mellitus. The two forms of diabetes mellitus are indicated by insulin-independent patients, and insulin-dependent patients. Please read page 458 and 459 for a better understanding of these disorders.

Both types of diabetes mellitus patients have excessive loss of fluid, are thirsty, and feel weak or tired.
Your task is to design an experiment to test prepared laboratory samples to identify
(i) a normal person,
(ii) an insulin-dependent patient, and
(iii) a mild diabetes mellitus insulin-independent patient.

You are given three labelled beakers that contain prepared solutions representing urine taken from these three types of people.

In this exercise, you will develop a hypothesis, and in future questions you will create a procedure that another student would be able to follow in a laboratory setting. From the results collected (given in another question), you will be required to graph the collected data and evaluate your results. Analysis of supplemental information concludes this exercise.

Question: Based on the information provided, form a hypothesis for your experiment.  Please include the words glucose, higher or lower, normal and diabetes mellitus. 1 mark


Hide hint for Question 60
 
See hypothesize on page 761. Given the above background information, form a hypothesis.

See Predict on page 761. A prediction is vey specific while a hypothesis is a very general statement. A Prediction might state specific colour changes for the three different people.

For exam purposes it is better to state "I hypothesize" instead of saying "I think".

It is true that blood tests for diabetes does not distinguish between the two types. However, for these sets of questions consider diabetes type 1 to have a higher glucose level in the blood then type 2.




2,Equipment available:

All normal laboratory equipment such as test tubes, test tube racks, beakers, drop plates, graduated cylinders, thermometers, measuring spoons, hot plates, test tube tongs, oven mitts, masking tape, towels, and marking pencils

Reagents and preparations available:

Biuret's reagent, Benedict's solution, urine analysis glucose test strips, amylase, pepsin, 2% HCl solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, bile extract, soap, and distilled water

You are given 3 beakers containing 100 mL of prepared samples marked Patient A, Patient B, and Patient C. The random samples represent a normal person, an insulin-dependent patient, and an insulin-independent patient  

Question:

Using the lab materials available, create a procedure to identify which sample could belong to each of the three patients.  Keep in mind you must perform two different laboratory tests.