Definition for Difference between revisions of "Serine"
From Biology Forums Dictionary
(Created page with "One of the standard set of 20 amino acids. The side chain of serine is chemically equivalent to a substituted methanol. The hydroxyl group of the serine side chain can act as a h...") |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | One of the standard set of 20 amino acids. The side chain of serine is chemically equivalent to a substituted methanol. The hydroxyl group of the serine side chain can act as a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor, and has nucleophilic character. The latter property is utilized by the serine proteases, a class of proteolytic enzymes that includes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and subtilisin. Serine is one of the most frequently modified residues in proteins by post-translational phosphorylation - attachment of a phosphate group - of the side chain hydroxyl. Other residues commonly modified in this way are the other hydroxyl-containing amino acids threonine and tyrosine. The hydroxyl group of serine residues in proteins also often serves as a point of attachment for carbohydrate moieties, a post-translational modification termed O-glycosylation. In the case of serine and threonine, the proximal O-linked sugar is usually N-acetylgalactosamine, which is typically attached to proteins passing through the Golgi apparatus. Serine is also involved in lipid biochemistry, as its hydroxyl group is found esterified to phosphatidic acid in phosphatidylserine, a common phosphoglyceride. Codons UCN, AGU, AGC. (Serine is one of three amino acids with six codons - the others are arginine and leucine.) Symbols: Ser, S. | + | One of the standard set of 20 amino acids. The side chain of serine is chemically equivalent to a substituted methanol. The hydroxyl group of the serine side chain can act as a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor, and has nucleophilic character. The latter property is utilized by the serine proteases, a class of proteolytic enzymes that includes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and subtilisin. Serine is one of the most frequently modified residues in proteins by post-translational phosphorylation - attachment of a phosphate group - of the side chain hydroxyl. Other residues commonly modified in this way are the other hydroxyl-containing amino acids threonine and tyrosine. The hydroxyl group of serine residues in proteins also often serves as a point of attachment for carbohydrate moieties, a post-translational modification termed O-glycosylation. In the case of serine and threonine, the proximal O-linked sugar is usually N-acetylgalactosamine, which is typically attached to proteins passing through the Golgi apparatus. Serine is also involved in lipid biochemistry, as its hydroxyl group is found esterified to phosphatidic acid in phosphatidylserine, a common phosphoglyceride. |
| + | |||
| + | Codons UCN, AGU, AGC. (Serine is one of three amino acids with six codons - the others are arginine and leucine.) | ||
| + | Symbols: Ser, S. | ||
Revision as of 19:09, 12 January 2012
One of the standard set of 20 amino acids. The side chain of serine is chemically equivalent to a substituted methanol. The hydroxyl group of the serine side chain can act as a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor, and has nucleophilic character. The latter property is utilized by the serine proteases, a class of proteolytic enzymes that includes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and subtilisin. Serine is one of the most frequently modified residues in proteins by post-translational phosphorylation - attachment of a phosphate group - of the side chain hydroxyl. Other residues commonly modified in this way are the other hydroxyl-containing amino acids threonine and tyrosine. The hydroxyl group of serine residues in proteins also often serves as a point of attachment for carbohydrate moieties, a post-translational modification termed O-glycosylation. In the case of serine and threonine, the proximal O-linked sugar is usually N-acetylgalactosamine, which is typically attached to proteins passing through the Golgi apparatus. Serine is also involved in lipid biochemistry, as its hydroxyl group is found esterified to phosphatidic acid in phosphatidylserine, a common phosphoglyceride.
Codons UCN, AGU, AGC. (Serine is one of three amino acids with six codons - the others are arginine and leucine.) Symbols: Ser, S.