energy

Chapter 6 Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy OBJECTIVES Define the first two laws of thermodynamics, provide an example of each Explain how ATP hydrolysis is coupled with endergonic reactions Compare and contrast endergonic and exergonic reactions, Anabolic reactions to catabolic reactions Evaluate the change in free energy in a given reaction to determine if it is exergonic or endergonic Summarize the mechanism by which enzymes lower the energy of activation Apply your knowledge of competitive and non-competitive inhibition to determine enzyme function Interpret graphs to make determinations about drug treatment and understand how the activity of an enzyme can impact blood pressure What are some properties of Cells? Have membranes Store and transmit information Can harness energy from the environment What is Energy? Energy: The capacity to do work. Includes multiple forms, Potential, kinetic, thermal, light, chemical Forms of Energy Potential: stored energy (bonds, battery), chemical energy Kinetic: energy of movement (light, electricity and heat) ex. Mechanical energy Forms of Energy High potential energy Kinetic energy Low potential energy First Law of Thermodynamics TRANSFORMATION Unit of energy Total energy before Total energy after = Second Law of Thermodynamics TRANSFORMATION Unit of energy Total energy before Total energy after = Energy, often in the form of heat, used to increase entropy Energy available to do work Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most widely used energy storage molecule among organisms. ATP as an example of Chemical Potential energy CELLULAR ENERGY The chemical reactions that convert molecules into other molecules and transfer energy are ongoing in all of your cells. Many of these reactions are linked in such a way that the products of one reaction are the reactants of the next reaction, forming pathways. Metabolism is the building and breaking down of carbon sources to harness or release energy. Metabolism Macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Nucleic acids Subunits Sugars Amino acids Fatty acids Nucleotides Catabolism Anabolism + H2O ADP ATP ADP ATP + H2O + + Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most widely used energy storage molecule among organisms. ATP as an example of Chemical Potential energy ENDERGONIC VS EXERGONIC REACTIONS MEASURED BY GIBBS FREE ENERGY Gibbs Free Energy (?G) Products Reactants Amount of energy required (+?G) a. Endergonic reaction (Non-spontaneous) Course of reaction Free energy Gibbs Free Energy (?G) Products Reactants Amount of energy released (–?G) b. Exergonic reaction (Spontaneous) Course of reaction BEFORE CLASS ON WEDNESDAY- OCTOBER 14 Take post-class assessment 2 on DNA, Transcription, Translation, and Protein structure (Respondus Lockdown Browswer required) Read 6.1-6.5 Complete Learning curve for chapter 6 Complete brief anonymous Mid-semester survey on Canvas