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Essential College Physics
Measurements in Physics
Quantitative
1) The following conversion equivalents are given:
1 gal = 231 in3 1 ft = 12 in 1 min = 60 s
A pipe delivers water at the rate of 95 gal/min. The rate, in ft3/s, is closest to:
A) 0.21
B) 0.19
C) 0.17
D) 0.15
E) 0.14
Answer: A
2) The following conversion equivalents are given:
1 m = 100 cm 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 ft = 12 in
A bin has a volume of 1.5 m3. The volume of the bin, in ft3, is closest to:
A) 35
B) 41
C) 47
D) 53
E) 59
Answer: D
3) The following conversion equivalents are given:
1 mile = 5280 ft 1 ft = 12 in 1 m = 39.37 in 1 hour = 60 min 1 min = 60 s
A particle has a velocity of 4.7 miles per hour. The velocity, in m/s, is closest to:
A) 2.1
B) 1.7
C) 1.9
D) 2.3
E) 2.5
Answer: A
4) The following conversion equivalents are given:
1 kg = 1000 g 1 l = 1000 cm3 1 l = 0.0353 ft3
The density of a liquid is 0.83 g/cm3. The density of the liquid, in kg/ft3, is closest to:
A) 24
B) 19
C) 21
D) 26
E) 28
Answer: A
5) A weight lifter can bench press 171 kg. How many milligrams (mg) is this?
A) 1.71 × 108 mg
B) 1.71 × 109 mg
C) 1.71 × 107 mg
D) 1.71 × 106 mg
Answer: A
6) How many nanoseconds does it take for a computer to perform one calculation if it performs
6.7 × 107 ?
A) 15 ns
B) 67 ns
C) 11 ns
D) 65 ns
Answer: A
7) A CD-ROM disk can store approximately 600.0 megabytes of information. If an average word requires 9.0 bytes of storage, how many words can be stored on one disk?
A) 6.7 × 107 words
B) 5.4 × 109 words
C) 2.1 × 107 words
D) 2.0 × 109 words
Answer: A
Var: 9
8) Your car gets 34.7 mi/gal on a trip. How many kilometers/liter did it get?
(3.79 = 1 gal; 1 mi = 1.61 km)
A) 14.7 km/l
B) 9.16 km/l
C) 55.9 km/l
D) 32.4 km/l
Answer: A
9) The wavelength of a certain laser is 0.66 microns, where 1 micron = 1 × 10-6 m.
What is this wavelength in nanometers? (1 nm = 10-9m)
A) 6.6 × 102 nm
B) 6.6 × 103 nm
C) 6.6 × 101 nm
D) 6.6 × 104 nm
Answer: A
10) Express [ 2.2 × 106]-1/2 in scientific notation.
A) 6.7 × 10-4
B) 1.5 × 103
C) 1.5 × 10-5
D) 1.5 × 104
Answer: A
Var: 40
11) An oak tree was planted 22 years ago. How many seconds does this correspond to? (Do not take leap days into account.)
A) 6.9 × 108
B) 1.2 × 107
C) 2.9 × 107
D) 2.8 × 108
Answer: A
2
12) A plot of land contains 5.8 acres. How many square meters does it contain?
[1 acre = 43,560 ft2].
A) 2.3 × 104 m2
B) 7.1 × 103 m2
C) 7.0 × 104 m2
D) 5.0 × 104 m2
Answer: A
13) A person on a diet loses 1.6 kg in a week. How many micrograms/second (µg/s) are lost?
A) 2.6 × 103 ?g/s
B) 1.6 × 105?g/s
C) 44 ?g/s
D) 6.4 × 104 ?g/s
Answer: A
1
14) Which of the following is a reasonable estimate of the number of characters (typed letters or numbers) in a 609 page book? Assume an average of 194 words/page and a reasonable average number of letters/word.
A) 5 × 105 char
B) 5 × 107 char
C) 5 × 106 char
D) 5 × 104 char
Answer: A
15) Add 3685 g and 66.8 kg and express your answer in milligrams (mg).
A) 7.05 × 107 mg
B) 7.05 × 104 mg
C) 7.05 × 105 mg
D) 7.05 × 106 mg
Answer: A
16) What is to the proper number of significant figures?
A) 0.91
B) 0.911
C) 0.9108
D) 0.9
Answer: A
17) A marathon is 26 mi and 385 yd long. Estimate how many strides would be required to run a marathon. Assume a reasonable value for the average number of feet/stride.
A) 4.5 × 104 strides
B) 4.5 × 103 strides
C) 4.5 × 105 strides
D) 4.5 × 106 strides
Answer: A
18) Estimate the number of times an average person's heart beats in a lifetime. Assume the average heart rate is 69 beats/min and a life span of 75 yr.
A) 3 × 109 beats
B) 3 × 108 beats
C) 3 × 1010 beats
D) 3 × 107 beats
Answer: A
True/False
1) Dimensional analysis can tell you whether an equation is physically correct.
Answer: FALSE
2) A 2-L bottle of soda gives you more for your money than a 2-qt bottle would, at the same price.
Answer: TRUE
3) Zeros between non-zero numbers are significant.
Answer: TRUE
4) Zeros at the beginning of a number are significant.
Answer: FALSE
5) Zeros at the end of a number after the decimal point are not significant.
Answer: FALSE
Conceptual
1) The length of a certain piece of wood is stated as 12.946 cm. Thinking in terms of accuracy and significant figures, what value would you obtain if you measured this board with a ruler whose smallest division is the millimeter?
Answer: Since 1 cm = 10 mm, you could only measure this board to 1/10 of a centimeter, therefore, 12.9 cm.
2) A possible unit for the measure of time would be the period of your own pulse. Why might this unit not be a good choice for a time standard?
Answer: In general, the human pulse rate often changes. Also, other people would, in general, have different pulse rates, so it would be difficult to reproduce the standard.
3) What are some advantages of using scientific notation to express very large or very small numbers?
Answer: The main advantage is the ability to express these numbers in a minimum amount of space. For example:
1 trillion = 1,000,000,000,000
= 1 × 1012
4) If you needed to estimate the number of gallons of gasoline burned in the United States each year by automobiles, what quantities would you need to assume? What formula would you need to use?
Answer: If you assumed
N = total number of cars
M = average number of miles driven
each year per car
R = average number of miles per gallon
Then
Total number of gallons =
5) Why so much emphasis upon units? Why are units considered to be as important as the quantity, "magnitude", of something?
Answer: Just knowing the magnitude of something is not complete information (in fact it is ambiguous) unless one also knows the units. For example, learning that you will earn 150 for a certain task might mean 150 dollars, or perhaps 150 cents, or 150 pesos. The magnitude is almost worthless without the unit in which it is expressed.
6) Why is MASS considered a more basic property than WEIGHT?
Answer: A mass may have weight but the weight is a property which changes as the mass is moved around in the universe. Mass is not a property which depends upon position.
7) Define and explain the meaning of DENSITY.
Answer: Density expresses how much mass is contained in a unit volume:
i.e., Density = Mass/Volume.
8) Determine the number of significant figures in 100.01 x 103 meters.
Answer: 5
9) Express 0.0015671 kg to three significant figures.
Answer: 0.00157 kg
10) If you are measuring the thickness of a strand of human hair, the most appropriate SI unit is the
A) kilometer.
B) meter.
C) centimeter.
D) millimeter.
E) micrometer.
Answer: E
11) If you are measuring the mass of an elephant, the most appropriate SI unit is the
A) megagram.
B) kilogram.
C) gram.
D) milligram.
E) microgram.
Answer: B
12) If you are measuring the mass of a small glass of milk, the most appropriate SI unit is the
A) megagram.
B) kilogram.
C) gram.
D) milligram.
E) microgram.
Answer: C
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