Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Socialization Socialization Learning language, values, rules of our culture Develop a sense of self Primary socialization includes basic knowledge and occurs in the early years Secondary socialization emphasizes advanced knowledge and occurs throughout the life course Socialization and Stages in the Life Course Childhood Elementary formal learning; develop self esteem Adolescence Transitional stage from childhood to adult Adulthood Life’s initial tasks met, peak, moderate Old Age Withdraw from long-held roles and resocialize into new ones; disengage or increase participation Death and Dying Extending life and confronting death Agents of Socialization Family Most important agent, dominates early process School Responsible for formal socialization such as thinking skills Peers Informal socialization including testing new roles Mass Media Exposure to greater a world either fabricated or real Cooley and The Looking Glass Self: How Does the Self Emerge? How do you think you appear to others? How do you think others respond to this image that you have of yourself? You respond to the imagined reactions of others If positive, you build If negative, you reject or change Mead: Taking the Role of the Other Leads to the Development of the Self Imitation Young children, lacking a sense of self, imitate others Play Around 3 to 6, children pretend, or take on a specific role of someone else Game After age 6, children are able to take on multiple roles requiring complex interactions with other roles Moral Socialization: Freud Human behavior contains both conscious and unconscious elements Id: basic drives Superego: our conscience The ego manages the id and superego Unresolved childhood conflicts may become disorders Ability to repress inappropriate behavior leads to social acceptance Moral Socialization: Erikson Stage 1 (1st year): trust v. mistrust Stage 2 (2nd-3rd year): shame v. doubt Stage 3 (age 4-5): initiative v. guilt Stage 4 (age 6-11): industriousness v. inferiority Stage 5 (age 12-20): identity v. confusion Stage 6 (age 20-24): intimacy v. isolation Stage 7 (age 25-65): generativity v. self absorption Stage 8 (65 +): integrity v. despair Moral Development: Piaget, Kohlberg and Dilemmas Piaget: morality develops in two stages Children, under 12, learn to follow adult rules Later, they learn that rules are flexible Kohlberg: morality develops in three stages (building upon Piaget) Preconventional: children follow rules to avoid punishment Conventional: most people make social rules personal rules Postconventional: broad principals guide behavior and may conflict with ordinary rules Morality and Gender: Gilligan Men define morality in terms of justice Morality is determined by the logical application of established rules that can be judged right or wrong Women define morality in terms of responsibility Morality is determined by an obligation to exercise care, to satisfy needs, and to avoid hurt Resocialization Resocialization often takes place in a total institution A place, such as a prison, where total control over an individual can be created Resocialization attempts to destroy an old identity Techniques are used to convince, say, a drug addict that his life is dysfunctional Resocialization attempts to build a new identity An entirely new drug free life is built CONCEPT WEB Socialization Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style * * * Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style * * * Chapter 4 Socialization Socialization Learning language, values, rules of our culture Develop a sense of self Primary socialization includes basic knowledge and occurs in the early years Secondary socialization emphasizes advanced knowledge and occurs throughout the life course Socialization and Stages in the Life Course Childhood Elementary formal learning; develop self esteem Adolescence Transitional stage from childhood to adult Adulthood Life’s initial tasks met, peak, moderate Old Age Withdraw from long-held roles and resocialize into new ones; disengage or increase participation Death and Dying Extending life and confronting death Agents of Socialization Family Most important agent, dominates early process School Responsible for formal socialization such as thinking skills Peers Informal socialization including testing new roles Mass Media Exposure to greater a world either fabricated or real Cooley and The Looking Glass Self: How Does the Self Emerge? How do you think you appear to others? How do you think others respond to this image that you have of yourself? You respond to the imagined reactions of others If positive, you build If negative, you reject or change Mead: Taking the Role of the Other Leads to the Development of the Self Imitation Young children, lacking a sense of self, imitate others Play Around 3 to 6, children pretend, or take on a specific role of someone else Game After age 6, children are able to take on multiple roles requiring complex interactions with other roles Moral Socialization: Freud Human behavior contains both conscious and unconscious elements Id: basic drives Superego: our conscience The ego manages the id and superego Unresolved childhood conflicts may become disorders Ability to repress inappropriate behavior leads to social acceptance Moral Socialization: Erikson Stage 1 (1st year): trust v. mistrust Stage 2 (2nd-3rd year): shame v. doubt Stage 3 (age 4-5): initiative v. guilt Stage 4 (age 6-11): industriousness v. inferiority Stage 5 (age 12-20): identity v. confusion Stage 6 (age 20-24): intimacy v. isolation Stage 7 (age 25-65): generativity v. self absorption Stage 8 (65 +): integrity v. despair Moral Development: Piaget, Kohlberg and Dilemmas Piaget: morality develops in two stages Children, under 12, learn to follow adult rules Later, they learn that rules are flexible Kohlberg: morality develops in three stages (building upon Piaget) Preconventional: children follow rules to avoid punishment Conventional: most people make social rules personal rules Postconventional: broad principals guide behavior and may conflict with ordinary rules Morality and Gender: Gilligan Men define morality in terms of justice Morality is determined by the logical application of established rules that can be judged right or wrong Women define morality in terms of responsibility Morality is determined by an obligation to exercise care, to satisfy needs, and to avoid hurt Resocialization Resocialization often takes place in a total institution A place, such as a prison, where total control over an individual can be created Resocialization attempts to destroy an old identity Techniques are used to convince, say, a drug addict that his life is dysfunctional Resocialization attempts to build a new identity An entirely new drug free life is built CONCEPT WEB Socialization Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style * * * Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style * * * Chapter 4 Socialization Socialization Learning language, values, rules of our culture Develop a sense of self Primary socialization includes basic knowledge and occurs in the early years Secondary socialization emphasizes advanced knowledge and occurs throughout the life course Socialization and Stages in the Life Course Childhood Elementary formal learning; develop self esteem Adolescence Transitional stage from childhood to adult Adulthood Life’s initial tasks met, peak, moderate Old Age Withdraw from long-held roles and resocialize into new ones; disengage or increase participation Death and Dying Extending life and confronting death Agents of Socialization Family Most important agent, dominates early process School Responsible for formal socialization such as thinking skills Peers Informal socialization including testing new roles Mass Media Exposure to greater a world either fabricated or real Cooley and The Looking Glass Self: How Does the Self Emerge? How do you think you appear to others? How do you think others respond to this image that you have of yourself? You respond to the imagined reactions of others If positive, you build If negative, you reject or change Mead: Taking the Role of the Other Leads to the Development of the Self Imitation Young children, lacking a sense of self, imitate others Play Around 3 to 6, children pretend, or take on a specific role of someone else Game After age 6, children are able to take on multiple roles requiring complex interactions with other roles Moral Socialization: Freud Human behavior contains both conscious and unconscious elements Id: basic drives Superego: our conscience The ego manages the id and superego Unresolved childhood conflicts may become disorders Ability to repress inappropriate behavior leads to social acceptance Moral Socialization: Erikson Stage 1 (1st year): trust v. mistrust Stage 2 (2nd-3rd year): shame v. doubt Stage 3 (age 4-5): initiative v. guilt Stage 4 (age 6-11): industriousness v. inferiority Stage 5 (age 12-20): identity v. confusion Stage 6 (age 20-24): intimacy v. isolation Stage 7 (age 25-65): generativity v. self absorption Stage 8 (65 +): integrity v. despair Moral Development: Piaget, Kohlberg and Dilemmas Piaget: morality develops in two stages Children, under 12, learn to follow adult rules Later, they learn that rules are flexible Kohlberg: morality develops in three stages (building upon Piaget) Preconventional: children follow rules to avoid punishment Conventional: most people make social rules personal rules Postconventional: broad principals guide behavior and may conflict with ordinary rules Morality and Gender: Gilligan Men define morality in terms of justice Morality is determined by the logical application of established rules that can be judged right or wrong Women define morality in terms of responsibility Morality is determined by an obligation to exercise care, to satisfy needs, and to avoid hurt Resocialization Resocialization often takes place in a total institution A place, such as a prison, where total control over an individual can be created Resocialization attempts to destroy an old identity Techniques are used to convince, say, a drug addict that his life is dysfunctional Resocialization attempts to build a new identity An entirely new drug free life is built CONCEPT WEB Socialization Chapter 4 Socialization Socialization Learning language, values, rules of our culture Develop a sense of self Primary socialization includes basic knowledge and occurs in the early years Secondary socialization emphasizes advanced knowledge and occurs throughout the life course Socialization and Stages in the Life Course Childhood Elementary formal learning; develop self esteem Adolescence Transitional stage from childhood to adult Adulthood Life’s initial tasks met, peak, moderate Old Age Withdraw from long-held roles and resocialize into new ones; disengage or increase participation Death and Dying Extending life and confronting death Agents of Socialization Family Most important agent, dominates early process School Responsible for formal socialization such as thinking skills Peers Informal socialization including testing new roles Mass Media Exposure to greater a world either fabricated or real Cooley and The Looking Glass Self: How Does the Self Emerge? How do you think you appear to others? How do you think others respond to this image that you have of yourself? You respond to the imagined reactions of others If positive, you build If negative, you reject or change Mead: Taking the Role of the Other Leads to the Development of the Self Imitation Young children, lacking a sense of self, imitate others Play Around 3 to 6, children pretend, or take on a specific role of someone else Game After age 6, children are able to take on multiple roles requiring complex interactions with other roles Moral Socialization: Freud Human behavior contains both conscious and unconscious elements Id: basic drives Superego: our conscience The ego manages the id and superego Unresolved childhood conflicts may become disorders Ability to repress inappropriate behavior leads to social acceptance Moral Socialization: Erikson Stage 1 (1st year): trust v. mistrust Stage 2 (2nd-3rd year): shame v. doubt Stage 3 (age 4-5): initiative v. guilt Stage 4 (age 6-11): industriousness v. inferiority Stage 5 (age 12-20): identity v. confusion Stage 6 (age 20-24): intimacy v. isolation Stage 7 (age 25-65): generativity v. self absorption Stage 8 (65 +): integrity v. despair Moral Development: Piaget, Kohlberg and Dilemmas Piaget: morality develops in two stages Children, under 12, learn to follow adult rules Later, they learn that rules are flexible Kohlberg: morality develops in three stages (building upon Piaget) Preconventional: children follow rules to avoid punishment Conventional: most people make social rules personal rules Postconventional: broad principals guide behavior and may conflict with ordinary rules Morality and Gender: Gilligan Men define morality in terms of justice Morality is determined by the logical application of established rules that can be judged right or wrong Women define morality in terms of responsibility Morality is determined by an obligation to exercise care, to satisfy needs, and to avoid hurt Resocialization Resocialization often takes place in a total institution A place, such as a prison, where total control over an individual can be created Resocialization attempts to destroy an old identity Techniques are used to convince, say, a drug addict that his life is dysfunctional Resocialization attempts to build a new identity An entirely new drug-free life is built CONCEPT WEB Socialization