Ch16 The Agony of Reconstruction.docx

America: Past and Present Chapter 16 The Agony of Reconstruction 16.1 Multiple-Choice Questions1) The term Reconstruction refers to the A) period immediately following the Civil War. B) the attempt to rebuild Atlanta. C) the Gettysburg struggle. D) the treatment of African Americans after the Emancipation Proclamation. E) the attempt to change Confederate ideas about slavery. Answer: A Page Ref: 386 [Factual] 2) The escaped slave who captured a Confederate steamship and later went on to become a U.S. congressman was A) Robert Allen. B) Sojourner Truth. C) Robert Smalls. D) Frederick Douglass. E) Blanche K. Bruce. Answer: CPage Ref: 386 [Factual]3) A minimal Reconstruction policy was favored by A) President Lincoln. B) Congress. C) northern states. D) the Supreme Court. E) Republican senators. Answer: APage Ref: 389 [Factual] 4) President Lincoln's Reconstruction plans were committed to A) punish the South for provoking the Civil War. B) racial equality for the freedmen. C) sharing with Congress the decisions in establishing Reconstruction policies. D) rapid readmission of the southern states to the Union. E) protecting the rights of African Americans. Answer: DPage Ref: 389 [Factual] 5) Most congressional Republicans believed A) any Reconstruction plans should include African American male suffrage. B) the president should establish Reconstruction policies. C) former Confederates should not play a role in Reconstruction governments. D) southern states should be quickly readmitted to the Union. E) in political equality for African Americans. Answer: C Page Ref: 389 [Factual] 6) Lincoln's response to the Wade-Davis Bill was to A) accept it completely. B) reluctantly support it. C) express no opinion on it. D) stop it with a pocket veto. E) ask Congress to reconsider. Answer: DPage Ref: 389 [Factual] 7) The man who became president of the United States after Lincoln's assassination was A) Robert Smalls. B) Andrew Johnson. C) Ulysses S. Grant. D) William H. Seward. E) Andrew Jackson. Answer: BPage Ref: 390 [Factual] 8) As early as 1863, Lincoln proposed a plan for restoring southern state governments based on ________ percent of the voting population of 1860 taking a loyalty oath to the Union. A) 5 B) 10 C) 20 D) 25 E) 50 Answer: BPage Ref: 389 [Factual] 9) Which one of the following is an INCORRECT match? A) Thirteenth Amendment? Abolished slavery B) Wade-Davis Bill? Embodied presidential reconstruction C) Fourteenth Amendment? Extended civil rights to former slaves D) Fifteenth Amendment? Prohibited voting discrimination on the basis of race E) Tenure of Office Act? Johnson was accused of violating it Answer: BPage Ref: 389 [Factual] 10) Which of the following required 50 percent of southern voters to take an oath of loyalty to the Union before the southern states could regain their status as states? A) Fourteenth Amendment B) Fifteenth Amendment C) Loyalty Act D) Tenure of Office Act E) Wade-Davis Bill Answer: E Page Ref: 389 [Factual] 11) President Andrew Johnson was A) loved by African Americans. B) admired by wealthy southern planters. C) opposed by Radical Republicans. D) temperate and compromising in his political activities. E) determined to carry on with Lincoln's plans. Answer: CPage Ref: 390-392 [Factual] 12) President Andrew Johnson was NOT A) a southerner. B) a Democrat. C) an opponent of slaveowners. D) a great humanitarian. E) a Unionist. Answer: DPage Ref: 390 [Factual] 13) Which one of the following constitutional amendments abolished slavery? A) Thirteenth B) Fourteenth C) Fifteenth D) Sixteenth E) Seventeenth Answer: APage Ref: 390 [Factual] 14) Andrew Johnson believed that Reconstruction should A) guarantee that the southern ruling class would not return to power. B) return the South to its prewar system, minus slavery. C) treat the South as a conquered nation. D) guarantee the political and civil rights of the freedmen. E) go ahead as Lincoln had planned. Answer: APage Ref: 390 [Factual] 15) In implementing Johnson's plan, southern states did each of the following EXCEPT A) sometimes ignored it altogether. B) accepted it grudgingly or with qualifications. C) sometimes merely repealed secession rather than repudiating it. D) denied political rights to freedmen. E) enacted "Black Codes." Answer: A Page Ref: 391-393 [Factual] 16) Johnson's Reconstruction plan A) succeeded in breaking the power of the planter elites. B) failed because the planters refused to accept his pardon. C) was rejected by the southern states. D) failed to break the power of the antebellum planter elites. E) was much like Congress' plan. Answer: DPage Ref: 392 [Factual] 17) Black Codes showed that A) southerners were willing to allow African Americans legal equality. B) southerners wanted African Americans to return to positions of servility. C) southerners were interested in improving the education of the freedmen. D) the freedmen would be allowed to vote and participate in the political process. E) the idea of "separate but equal" was already established. Answer: BPage Ref: 399-400 [Factual] 18) The first bill ever passed over a presidential veto was the A) Wade-Davis bill. B) Freedmen's Bureau extension bill. C) Civil Rights Act of 1866. D) Tenure of Office Act. E) First Reconstruction Act. Answer: CPage Ref: 393 [Factual] 19) The congressional alternative to Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction program was the A) Fourteenth Amendment. B) ten-percent plan. C) Wade-Davis Bill. D) Civil Rights Act. E) Freedman's Bureau Bill. Answer: APage Ref: 393 [Factual] 20) The Fourteenth Amendment stipulated that any state that denied the right to vote to African Americans would A) be subject to a special federal tax. B) be unable to cast electoral votes for president. C) be ineligible to receive federal funding. D) have to assume a larger portion of the Confederate debt. E) have its congressional representation proportionally reduced. Answer: E Page Ref: 393 [Factual] 21) The Radical Republicans believed A) that the process of Reconstruction should be completed quickly. B) that the South should be treated with sympathy and compassion. C) that Reconstruction policy should be initiated by the president. D) that the rights of the freedmen should be ensured by the federal government. E) in inherent equality between races. Answer: DPage Ref: 394 [Factual] 22) Which of the following constitutional amendments attempted to give civil rights to the former slaves? A) Thirteenth B) Fourteenth C) Fifteenth D) Sixteenth E) Seventeenth Answer: BPage Ref: 393 [Factual] 23) Which of the following constitutional amendments was opposed by Andrew Johnson? A) Thirteenth B) Fourteenth C) Fifteenth D) Sixteenth E) Seventeenth Answer: BPage Ref: 393 [Factual] 24) In the congressional elections of 1866, A) Johnson's Reconstruction policies were vindicated at the polls. B) the Radical Republicans lost ground and were defeated. C) Democrats gained control of Congress. D) the results served as a referendum for the Fourteenth Amendment. E) Johnson's reelection campaign got a big boost. Answer: DPage Ref: 393 [Factual] 25) Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner were A) Radical leaders in Congress. B) members of Andrew Johnson's cabinet. C) Confederate generals pardoned by Johnson. D) commanding Union generals in the South during Reconstruction. E) two of the first African American congressmen. Answer: A Page Ref: 394 [Factual] 26) Which one of the following individuals was NOT a Radical Republican? A) Thaddeus Stevens B) Andrew Johnson C) Charles Sumner D) George Julian E) Edwin Stanton Answer: BPage Ref: 393-394 [Factual]27) The South's refusal to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment A) caused northern public opinion to question the Radicals' demands. B) forced the Republicans to abolish the existing southern governments and give the vote to African Americans. C) led to a general land reform of the South. D) caused a thorough restructuring of southern society. E) brought the Redeemers to power. Answer: BPage Ref: 394 [Factual]28) The Reconstruction Acts A) gave freedmen the power to protect themselves. B) enhanced the power of state governments to protect the freedmen. C) were only supported by Radical Republicans. D) allowed southern states readmittance on the basis of the number of freedmen who could vote. E) were actually a retreat from true radicalism. Answer: E Page Ref: 394-395 [Factual] 29) The First Reconstruction Act of 1867 A) recognized the existing southern state governments as legitimate. B) confiscated all property of ex-Confederates. C) guaranteed the freedmen the right to vote in southern elections. D) supported the Black Codes. E) placed the South under military rule. Answer: EPage Ref: 394 [Factual]30) Andrew Johnson was indicted by the House for his violation of the A) Civil Rights Act of 1866. B) Tenure of Office Act. C) Wade-Davis Bill. D) Fourteenth Amendment. E) Loyalty Act. Answer: B Page Ref: 396 [Factual] 31) Andrew Johnson's acquittal on impeachment charges resulted from A) his cooperative attitude toward Congress. B) the support he received from Radical Republicans. C) the fears of some Republicans that his removal would threaten the balance of power of the government. D) the support he received from most Democrats. E) his innocence. Answer: CPage Ref: 397 [Factual] 32) During Reconstruction, African Americans A) were able to become independent farmers. B) lived in integrated urban societies. C) lived in a divided society. D) had no opportunity for schooling. E) left the South in overwhelming numbers. Answer: CPage Ref: 399 [Factual]33) For the South, recovery from the devastation of the Civil War A) would be a quick and easy process. B) would be long and difficult. C) was resisted by white society. D) depended on a new economic system. E) was complete by 1870. Answer: BPage Ref: 397 [Factual] 34) The legacy of Reconstruction for most African Americans was A) the benefits of freedom. B) poverty and discrimination. C) land ownership. D) skilled factory jobs. E) successful entry into the political arena. Answer: BPage Ref: 398-399 [Factual] 35) By the end of 1865, most freedmen had A) moved west and become homesteaders. B) moved to the cities. C) returned to work on the plantations. D) joined the Democratic Party. E) gotten their forty acres and a mule from the Freedmen's Bureau. Answer: C Page Ref: 398 [Factual] 36) The federal agency designed to assist former slaves in making the economic adjustment to freedom was known as the A) Freedmen's Bureau. B) Department of Education. C) African American Rights Association. D) Liberty Association. E) Southern Reconstruction Agency. Answer: APage Ref: 398 [Factual]37) Which one of the following groups was not part of the southern coalition supporting Radical Reconstruction? A) businessmen interested in government funding B) poor white farmers from upland regions C) newly enfranchised African Americans D) white planters E) "scalawags" Answer: DPage Ref: 400 [Factual] 38) Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction were called A) scalawags. B) Copperheads. C) Klansmen. D) carpetbaggers. E) Redeemers. Answer: DPage Ref: 400 [Factual] 39) Most southern African Americans who held political power during Reconstruction A) alienated whites by pushing for massive land restriction. B) concentrated their efforts on educational and political reforms. C) used the Freedmen's Bureau to oppress ex-Confederates. D) pushed for educational integration. E) were more corrupt than their white counterparts. Answer: BPage Ref: 403 [Factual] 40) The small number of African Americans elected to state or national office during the Reconstruction demonstrated on the average A) a higher level of corruption than their white counterparts. B) more integrity and competence than their white counterparts. C) a desire to implement radical social programs. D) a strong desire for harsh revenge on former slaveholders. E) a lack of education that impeded their success. Answer: B Page Ref: 402 [Factual] 41) Ulysses S. Grant A) served as a dynamic and forceful president. B) took strong actions to protect southern Republicans. C) gained wide support among Democrats. D) was not able to resolve the problems of the times. E) was always considered above reproach. Answer: DPage Ref: 404 [Factual]42) The political party that kept the money issue alive into the 1880s was A) the Greenback Labor Party. B) the Populist Party. C) the Conservative Party. D) the Whigs. E) the Redeemers. Answer: APage Ref: 405 [Factual]43) What amendment to the Constitution states that no male citizen could be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude? A) Eleventh B) Twelfth C) Thirteenth D) Fourteenth E) Fifteenth Answer: EPage Ref: 405 [Factual] 44) Which of the following groups was disappointed by the Fifteenth Amendment? A) freedmen B) feminists C) scalawags D) Republicans E) Northerners Answer: BPage Ref: 405 [Factual]45) The organization that symbolized most vividly the "white backlash" of the Reconstruction era was A) the Union League. B) the Freedmen's Bureau. C) the Redeemers. D) the White Citizens Council. E) the Ku Klux Klan. Answer: E Page Ref: 405-406 [Factual] KKK Members, 1866/Alabama Klan Warning, 1868(Library of Congress) 46) The warning of the radical organization shown above was aimed at all of the following groups EXCEPT: A) Redeemers. B) Radical Republicans. C) carpetbaggers. D) scalawags. E) Freedmen Agency officials. Answer: APage Ref: 406 [Factual] 47) Liberal Republicans A) supported equal justice for all Americans. B) were also known as "politicos." C) had been involved in the Credit Mobilier scandal. D) were successful in the presidential election of 1872. E) endorsed civil service reform. Answer: EPage Ref: 408 [Factual]48) ________ was a prominent Liberal Republican. A) Andrew Johnson B) Ulysses S. Grant C) Schuyler Colfax D) Carl Schurz E) William E. Belknap Answer: D Page Ref: 408 [Factual] 49) Which of the following was NOT a scandal during the Grant administration? A) Teapot Dome B) Whiskey Ring C) Credit Mobilier D) Indian Trading Posts E) Belknap "cover-up" Answer: APage Ref: 407-408 [Factual]50) The result of the disputed election of 1876 was significant because it A) was the last Radical victory. B) meant the end of Reconstruction. C) marked the beginning of national Democratic ascendancy. D) demonstrated the political power of southern African Americans. E) was resolved so quickly. Answer: B Page Ref: 409 [Factual] From Plantation to the Senate, Sen. Hiram Revels of Mississippi, c. 1870s(Library of Congress) 51) The celebration of freed African Americans over their hard-won rights was short-lived due to the white southern state legislatures' passing of the A) black codes. B) Dred Scott case. C) Fifteenth Amendment. D) Jim Crow laws. E) Granger laws. Answer: DPage Ref: 413 [Factual] 52) The Redeemers A) continued the policies established during Reconstruction. B) offered new programs for working people and tenant farmers. C) were loyal to the principles of the antebellum South. D) believed in the principles of laissez faire and white supremacy. E) were from the old planter aristocracy. Answer: DPage Ref: 412 [Factual] 16.2 True/False Questions1) The most difficult challenge facing the nation after the Civil War was deciding how to reconstruct the nation. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 389 [Factual] 2) The first question debated in Congress regarding Reconstruction was whether Congress had a right to participate in the process. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 389 [Factual] 3) Lincoln's approach to Reconstruction was extremely harsh and led to his assassination. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 389 [Factual] 4) Before his assassination, Lincoln made it clear that he would promote African American equality in the South. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 389 [Factual] 5) Most Radical Republicans in the North believed that African Americans were the equals of whites. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 389 [Factual]6) The Fifteenth Amendment gave the right to vote to women and blacks. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 405 [Factual]7) After the Civil War, most emancipated slaves ended up as poor farm workers. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 398[Factual] 8) Republican legislators in the state governments of the Reconstruction South were hopelessly corrupt. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 400 [Factual] 9) The main goal of the Ku Klux Klan in the South was to violently overthrow the Republican state governments there. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 405-406 [Factual] 10) Congressional Reconstruction prolonged sectional division and conflict. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 393-395 [Factual]16.3 Essay Questions1) Discuss the impact of the Civil War on southern society. What traditions and institutions were destroyed by the conflict? Page Ref: 412-417 [Factual] 2) How did freed slaves react to their new status after the Civil War? What did most African Americans soon realize about the reality of their freedom? Page Ref: 397-400 [Factual] 3) Compare and contrast the executive and congressional plans for reconstructing the Union. What was their objective? Which plan was better for the nation? Why? Page Ref: 389-394 [Conceptual]4) How successful was the North in changing southern society during Reconstruction? Who benefitted the most from these plans and who benefitted the least? Page Ref: 397-400 [Factual] 5) By the early 1870s, it was evident that northern interest in Reconstruction was waning. Why? Were the majority of northerners really dedicated to reconstructing southern society? Why were the Redeemers able to take back the South? Page Ref: 404-405, 412-413 [Conceptual]