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Chapter 6 Question Bank
Transcript
Chapter 6 Social Inequality
Introduction to Sociology, 9e (Hewitt/White/Teevan)
1)
Modern societies are complex, filled with people living in different circumstances and engaging in a wide range of activities. Social scientists usually refer to this great diversity in social life as social ________.
Answer:
differentiation
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 119
2)
Lenski asserted that social inequality is concerned mainly with who gets what and why, a ________ process, in which some people receive more of the valued things in life, such as wealth and power.
Answer:
distributive
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 119
3)
An ________ status is one assigned by circumstance rather than by accomplishment.
Answer:
ascribed
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 120
4)
A Native female physician might be an example of status ________.
Answer:
inconsistency
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 120
5)
________ mobility involves differences between the occupational status of child and parent.
Answer:
Intergenerational
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 121
6)
Marx used the term ________ to refer to the class of capitalists.
Answer:
bourgeoisie
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 123
7)
Structural functionalism generally avoids the concept of ________.
Answer:
class
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 128
8)
In 1999, the top 10 percent of the Canadian population held approximately ________ percent of Canada's wealth.
Answer:
50
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 131
9)
Since 1931, blue-collar incomes have tended to remain about ________ percent below the national average.
Answer:
10
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 134
10)
Social ________ may be defined as a change in the relative amount of all "power resources" held by a person or a group.
Answer:
mobility
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 135
11)
In terms of socio-economic status in Canada, the ________ ethnic group no longer enjoys the dominant position it once did.
Answer:
British
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 138
12)
In the 1960s, during the "________", there was a move in Quebec to catch up with English Canada.
Answer:
Quiet Revolution
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 140
13)
In the ________ perspective, Canada's social structure involves a complex network of regions and communities in which rural areas or hinterlands are connected by a series of links to the few major urban centres or metropolises.
Answer:
metropolis-hinterland
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 141
14)
Virtually all societies are organized around the principle that the ________ is the means for creating and implementing laws, and thus the sanctions and rights that define power differences in society.
Answer:
state
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 144
15)
In 1995, both individual income and family income levels of Indigenous peoples in Canada were about ________ percent of the overall Canadian average.
Answer:
60
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 141
16)
Which of the following would not be an example of a status?
A)
well-educated
B)
female
C)
junior management
D)
married
E)
pet owner
Answer:
E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 120
17)
There are three major forms of structured power in society: ________, ________, and ________.
A)
economic, status, religious
B)
economic, political, educational
C)
political, ideological, status
D)
economic, political, ideological
E)
economic consistency, stratum, skill
Answer:
D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 120
18)
Which of the following is an ascribed status?
A)
occupation
B)
academic performance
C)
sports performance
D)
age
E)
education
Answer:
D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 121
19)
Suppose a young woman began her working career as a clerical worker. By taking night courses and demonstrating considerable competence at work, she was promoted to a managerial position much like the job held by her father before his retirement. In her case, a sociologist would conclude that she had experienced:
A)
horizontal mobility
B)
intragenerational mobility
C)
intergenerational mobility
D)
polarization
E)
class consciousness
Answer:
B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 121
20)
The term "social class" is most closely identified with:
A)
Durkheim's class for the people
B)
Marx's class consciousness
C)
Weber's class in the marketplace
D)
Marx's class for itself
E)
Marx's class in itself
Answer:
D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 122
21)
For Marx, the source of the division into two opposing groups is the power that comes from the ownership or non-ownership of property, in particular, productive property, or what he called the "________".
A)
capitalist system
B)
means of production
C)
essential productivity
D)
gentleman and servant productivity
E)
Lord and Serf system
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 122
22)
Which of the following was NOT identified by Marx and Engels as a key change required in the transition from capitalism to socialism?
A)
heavy progressive or graduated income tax
B)
equal distribution of land property among all citizens
C)
confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels
D)
centralization of the means of communication and transport
E)
equal liability of all to labour
Answer:
B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 123
23)
Marx believed that the overthrow of capitalism would be spurred on by all of the below except:
A)
the concentration of workers in large cities
B)
the concentration of workers in large factories
C)
the decline of small capitalists
D)
growing awareness of the bourgeoisie class
E)
growing awareness of the proletariat class
Answer:
D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 124
24)
Marx suggested two stages would follow the revolution: ________ and ________.
A)
capitalism; socialism
B)
socialism; communism
C)
dictatorship; communism
D)
military rule; socialism
E)
socialism, feudalism
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 126
25)
In opposition to Marx, Weber argued that:
A)
economic class, status group, and party all serve as a source of power
B)
the proletariat would revolt against the bourgeoisie
C)
bureaucracy had no harmful effects upon society
D)
economics were the sole basis of rank
E)
the bourgeoisie would revolt against the proletariat
Answer:
A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 126
26)
Weber offers one of the first ________ conceptions of power in social theory, meaning that it derives from more than one source.
A)
pluralist
B)
social
C)
functionalist
D)
conflict
E)
cohesive
Answer:
A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 126
27)
According to structural-functionalist theorists, social inequality in society is based upon:
A)
the relationship of social groups to the means of production
B)
authority relations in a society
C)
the ability of individuals to dispose of goods and services for income in the marketplace
D)
societal agreement about the value of positions within the social structure
E)
the ability of individuals to receive training for specific positions
Answer:
D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 128
28)
The structural functionalist view of inequality emphasizes:
A)
consensus, class action, and the pluralism of power in social structures
B)
consensus, individual action, and the pluralism of power in social structures
C)
centralization of credit, centralization of communications, and centralization of transport
D)
progressive taxes, limits on inheritance, and the combination of agriculture with manufacturing
E)
classless society, progressive taxes, and confiscation of property of all emigrants
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 129
29)
The relative status a position in society receives is a product of ________, according to the functionalist school,
A)
the lifetime achievement typically gained in that position
B)
the amount of money the position pays
C)
the number of persons available with the talent or training to fill the position
D)
the amount of hard work that position requires in order that its function is successfully met
E)
the decisions of a ruling class
Answer:
C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 128
30)
The largest 25 companies in Canada own more than ________ percent of all business assets.
A)
80
B)
50
C)
40
D)
20
E)
10
Answer:
C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 131
31)
In Canada, unemployment is usually:
A)
fairly evenly distributed across the provinces
B)
approximately the same in urban and rural areas
C)
higher in urban areas
D)
higher in rural areas
E)
the reason that people leave big, crowded urban centres
Answer:
D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 141
32)
The term which Porter used to describe a social structure involving many diverse racial and social groups, ranked along a hierarchy of power and privilege is:
A)
stratification
B)
the vertical mosaic
C)
horizontal mobility
D)
ethnicity
E)
structural inequality
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 138
33)
Canada's educational structure has become more ________, which means it is more accessible to people on the basis of ability rather than class background.
A)
merocratic
B)
bureaucratic
C)
equalocratic
D)
meritocratic
E)
educratic
Answer:
D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 137
34)
Goyder and Curtis concluded that there is an "impermanence of family status over non-adjacent generations," suggesting that Canada is "an ________ society rather than an ________ one."
A)
adaptive; ascriptive
B)
achievement; adaptive
C)
adjustment; achievement
D)
achievement; ascriptive
E)
ascriptive; achievement
Answer:
D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 135
35)
Evidence suggests that people from lower-class backgrounds in Canada:
A)
are less likely to get post-secondary education than those from higher-class backgrounds
B)
are less likely to get post-secondary education than in the past
C)
are equally likely to get post-secondary education as compared to the past
D)
achieve higher grades in post-secondary education than in the past
E)
achieve higher grades in post-secondary education compared to those from higher-class backgrounds
Answer:
A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 137
36)
Studies show that differences in French and English income levels have been:
A)
highest in Ontario
B)
decreasing in recent years
C)
increasing in recent years
D)
highest in Quebec
E)
highest in Atlantic Canada
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 140
37)
The prospects for an improvement in social rank among Canadian Native people still largely hinges on:
A)
their complete assimilation into Canadian society
B)
their ability to hire good lawyers to press land claims
C)
their ability to mount effective protests
D)
intermarriage with non-Natives
E)
the acceptance of Native rights by Canadians
Answer:
E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 141
38)
Most research suggests that age has a/an ________ association with stratification position.
A)
positive
B)
negative
C)
spurious
D)
curvilinear
E)
inverse positive
Answer:
D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 143
39)
In the ________ perspective, Canada's social structure involves a complex network of regions in which the peripheral areas are connected by a series of links to a few major urban centres.
A)
rural-urban
B)
metropolitan centre
C)
hinterland
D)
metropolis-hinterland
E)
Indigenous-colonizer
Answer:
D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 141
40)
Porter criticized Canada's political leadership and maintained that the major political parties engaged in ________, making political decisions based on what will get then re-elected rather than what is best for the nation.
A)
just-in time politics
B)
Red Book politics
C)
life expectancy politics
D)
pervasive
E)
brokerage politics
Answer:
E
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 145
41)
Briefly describe and explain the differences between the terms "power", "status", and "stratum".
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 119
42)
How does a class-in-itself become a class-for-itself, according to Marx?
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 123
43)
As compared to Marx, how did Weber interpret the existence of "middle-classes" in capitalist society?
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 126
44)
How has Canada's occupational structure changed in recent years within both the white-collar and blue-collar sectors?
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 133
45)
What recent developments suggest that the position of Canada's Native peoples may be improving? What barriers to further improvement remain?
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 140
46)
Describe the metropolis-hinterland perspective.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 141
47)
Education is an achieved status.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 121
48)
A white male physician might be an example of status inconsistency.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 120
49)
An ascribed status is one achieved by accomplishment rather than circumstance.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 120
50)
Intragenerational mobility involves differences between the occupational status of child and parent.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 121
51)
Marx used the term bourgeoisie to refer to the working class.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 123
52)
According to Marx, in the second stage after the revolution, the state as a political force would become unnecessary and would die away.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 126
53)
In opposition to Marx, Weber argued that there were more than just two main economic classes.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 126
54)
In 1984, the top 10 percent of the Canadian population held over 90 percent of Canada's wealth.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 131
55)
Since 1931, blue-collar incomes have tended to remain about 10 percent below the national average.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 134
56)
Analyzing vertical intergenerational mobility is helpful in assessing how open or closed a system of inequality is.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 135
57)
In terms of socio-economic status in Canada, the British ethnic group no longer enjoys the dominant position it once did.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 138
58)
Economically, the metropolitan regions of Canada serve as sources of cheap labour.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 141
59)
In the metropolis-hinterland perspective, Canada's structure lacks links between the rural areas and the few major urban centres.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 141
60)
Virtually all societies are organized around the principle that the family is the means for creating and implementing laws, and thus the sanctions and rights that define power differences in society.
Answer:
FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 143
61)
Life chances, lifestyles, and values and beliefs all affect one's social rank.
Answer:
TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 146
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