...in cardiac cells and the relationship between...
...between membrane permeability and serum electrolyte levels....
...electrocardiogram (ECG) complex, and nursing responsibilities for...
...sinoatrial (SA) node and their treatments. 6....
...(SA) node and their treatments. 6. Compare...
...treatments. 6. Compare and contrast basic atrial...
...basic atrial dysrhythmias and their treatments. 7....
...atrial dysrhythmias and their treatments. 7. Distinguish...
...common functional dysrhythmias and their treatments. 8....
...functional dysrhythmias and their treatments. 8. Differentiate...
...common ventricular dysrhythmias and their treatments. 9....
...ventricular dysrhythmias and their treatments. 9. Distinguish...
...as heart blocks, and their treatments. 10....
...heart blocks, and their treatments. 10. Discuss...
...10. Discuss pharmacologic and counter shock interventions...
...counter shock interventions and their nursing implications....
...shock interventions and their nursing implications. 11....
...indications for pacemaker and implantable cardio version...
...types of devices, and nursing implications for...
...myocardial cell permeability and is affected by...
...potential 1. Depolarization and repolarization a) The...
...to produce contraction and relaxation. b) As...
...in cardiac depolarization and repolarization of the...
...phases 1, 2, and 3. c) Resting...
...is in place, and the cell is...
...again. 3. Refractory and supranormal periods a)...
...by electrolytes. Sodium and potassium main cations....
...cycle 4. Refractory and Supernormal Periods Absolute...
...II. Cardiac Conduction and the Electrocardiogram 1....
...normally between 60 and 100 beats per...
...along the left and right bundle branches...
...a) P wave and PR interval. b)...
...c) ST segment and T wave d)...
...accurate cardiac monitoring, and lead placement is...
...ECG. F. Patient and family education 1....
...QRS complex, examine and measure the QRS...
...QRS complex, examine and measure the QT...
...the QT interval, and diagnose/interpret the rhythm....
...QRS G. Examine and measure the QRS...
...both healthy hearts and diseased hearts. 2....
...with dysrhythmias is their negative impact on...
...both healthy hearts and diseased hearts. 4....
...with dysrhythmias is their negative impact on...
...heart rhythms Normal and abnormal cardiac events...
...lethal ventricular dysrhythmias and can be treated...
...100 to 150, and is not associated...
...increased sympathetic stimulation and can include imagery,...
...include imagery, distraction, and drug therapy. 2....
...of atrial dysfunction, and can even require...
...rate between 150 and 250. The rhythm...
...Rate between 150 and 250 Regular rhythm...
...depolarize the atria and downward to depolarize...
...the QRS complex, and the PR interval...
...the QRS complex, and might not be...
...is between 60 and 100, it is...
...on patient symptomology and can consist of...
...of drug therapy and/or the insertion of...
...in the ventricle and can be life-threatening....
...from backwards depolarization and from pushing ventricular...
...in the ventricle and discharge before the...
...the nurse assesses and describes the patient’s...
...underlying cardiac rhythm and the type of...
...development of PVCs and the presence of...
...ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF)....
...respiratory therapists, pharmacists, and physicians. C. Ventricular...
...remains pulseless, CPR and attempts at defibrillation...
...patient is unconscious and pulseless. 2. It...
...digitalis, antiarrhythmic agents, and increased parasympathetic activity....
...have three classifications, and are based on...
...delay can increase and can lead to...
...block, Mobitz I and Mobitz II. a)...
...degree of block and symptoms indicative of...
...because the atria and ventricles are contracting...
...node. The atria and ventricles fire at...
...the P wave and the QRS complex,...
...because the atria and the ventricles are...
...third-degree AV block and asystole. Management 4....
...emergency treatment. Atria and ventricles are contracting...
...AV node. Atria and ventricles fire at...
...single unit. P–P and R–R wave interval...
...the P wave and QRS complex. Wide...
...Conduction through right and left bundle branches...
...necessary. X. Pharmacologic and Countershock Interventions and...
...and Countershock Interventions and Nursing Implications A....
...through class IV, and are classified according...
...classified according to their effects during the...
...during the slow and fast action potentials....
...the atria, ventricles, and the bundle of...
...by reducing automaticity and prolonging the refractory...
...treatment of supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias. (2)...
...a great extent, and are used chiefly...
...delay ventricular repolarization, and are used as...
...SA node automaticity and slow AV conduction...
...AV conduction velocity and myocardial contractility. Their...
...and myocardial contractility. Their exact effects depend...
...are beta-blocking agents, and decrease cardiac stimulation,...
...decrease cardiac stimulation, and can produce vasodilation...
...can produce vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. Drugs in...
...failure, significant bradycardia, and second-degree or higher...
...thereby delaying repolarization and prolonging the refractory...
...cell more resistant) and are indicated in...
...treatment of atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias. 5....
...conduction is slowed, and overall decrease in...
...IV agents. Verapamil and Diltiazem are calcium...
...agents  a) Adenosine and digoxin do not...
...as an antiarrhythmic and is first-line therapy...
...a cardiac glycoside and inotropic agent. It...
...tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter. 7....
...the cardiac, respiratory, and neurologic systems B....
...or atrial flutter, and ventricular tachycardia in...
...obtains informed consent and educates the patient...
...of the cardioversion and what to expect...
...an unresponsive patient and ventricular fibrillation. Defibrillation...
...AV conduction, velocity, and myocardial contractility. Four...
...interval. Treat atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias. 5....
...mechanisms: external, epicardial, and endocardial. 2. External...
...pads placed anteriorly and posteriorly on the...
...an adequate pulse and blood pressure demonstrates...
...transvenous pacing wire and site is done...
...(above the muscles and ribs, below the...
...into the heart and rest on the...
...contains a battery and is programmed according...
...also be paced and can be noted...
...both the atria and the ventricles are...
...before the wave and the QRS complex...
...generated) electrical activity and may be either...
...settings: sensitivity, output, and rate. E. Pacemaker...
...modes: triggered, inhibited, and double. F. Pacing...
...cardiac electrical activity and will pace more...
...cardiac electrical activity and is inhibited from...
...pacing leads are and the mode of...
...designed to recognize and terminate ventricular tachyarrhythmias...
...between heart attack and cardiac arrest. e)...
...received, activities before and after treatment, symptoms,...
...after treatment, symptoms, and response after shock....
...They should contact their cardiologist when they...
...pacemaker or applying and using an external...
...Designed to recognize and terminate ventricular tachyarrhythmias...
...Distinguish between VT and VF Provide backup...
...by both medical and non-medical personnel Taught...
...ECG wave forms, and identifying and measuring...
...forms, and identifying and measuring intervals and...
...and measuring intervals and complexes associated with...
...from several patients and practice wave form...
...wave form identification and interval and complex...
...identification and interval and complex measurements. Discuss...
...strips specific to their assigned patients. Have...