...and Assessment of Pulmonary Function Objectives 1....
...external respiration and pulmonary gas diffusion. 3....
...diffusion. 3. Describe pulmonary perfusion and its...
...used to evaluate pulmonary function. 8. Discuss...
...compliant. 4. Many pulmonary and extrapulmonary problems...
...a reduction in pulmonary surfactant, critical for...
...tidal volume. e) Pulmonary problems causing decreased...
...are called restrictive pulmonary disorders. Examples: (1)...
...(1) Pneumonia (2) Pulmonary edema (3) Pulmonary...
...Pulmonary edema (3) Pulmonary fibrosis (4) Pneumothorax...
...lung compliance, altered pulmonary mechanics, and air...
...on Ventilation II. Pulmonary Gas Exchange—Respiration and...
...can thicken with pulmonary disease, reducing diffusion....
...thicken with pulmonary disease, reducing diffusion. (1)...
...the alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood and...
...alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. b) The...
...alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries, causing flow...
...is a major pulmonary disorder that destroys...
...exchange. 4. Many pulmonary conditions—including severe pneumonia,...
...present, such as pulmonary edema, alveolar consolidation,...
...2. In the pulmonary capillaries, oxygen binds...
...PaO2 at the pulmonary capillary level stimulates...
...Slides Slide 1 Pulmonary Gas Exchange—Respiration and...
...on Diffusion III. Pulmonary Gas Exchange—Perfusion A....
...of heart b) Pulmonary system (1) Much...
...system, beginning with pulmonary artery in right...
...and functions (5) Pulmonary perfusion depends on...
...(b) Gravity (c) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)...
...are important for pulmonary gas exchange. 2....
...between ventilation and pulmonary perfusion. Ventilation–Perfusion Relationship...
...alveolar ventilation and pulmonary perfusion. 2. Should...
...alveolar ventilation to pulmonary capillary perfusion (V/Q...
...during inspiration. 8. Pulmonary capillary perfusion is...
...toward the diaphragm. Pulmonary Shunt 1. Pulmonary...
...Pulmonary Shunt 1. Pulmonary shunt refers to...
...heart without undergoing pulmonary gas exchange (true...
...physiologic shunt). 2. Pulmonary shunting is a...
...the effect that pulmonary shunt has on...
...in that value. Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)...
...flow in the pulmonary vascular system, a...
...the amount of pulmonary resistance: a) The...
...major determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance is...
...blood in the pulmonary vascular system (b)...
...blood in the pulmonary vascular system include...
...(1) The small pulmonary capillaries open up...
...flow. (2) When pulmonary blood flow is...
...decreases PVR. 4. Pulmonary vasoconstriction occurs in...
...strongest stimulant for pulmonary vasoconstriction. c) When...
...on diameter of pulmonary capillaries; as lung...
...PVR. 6. Calculating pulmonary vascular resistance requires...
...requires a flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter. a)...
...determined by mean pulmonary artery pressure and...
...artery pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure....
...dilation secondary to pulmonary disease. 2. A...
...secondary to pulmonary disease. 2. A complication...
...restrictive and obstructive pulmonary diseases. 3. It...
...in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 4....
...chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 4. Cor...
...events precipitated by pulmonary hypertension. PowerPoint Slides...
...Slides Slide 1 Pulmonary Gas Exchange—Perfusion Perfusion...
...relationship Slide 3 Pulmonary Shunt Anatomic shunt...
...Shunt Slide 5 Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)...
...presence of certain pulmonary disease states A....
...of certain pulmonary disease states A. Acid-base...
...acid–base disturbances. Respiratory (Pulmonary) Compensation Mechanism 1....
...a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 5. Elevation...
...chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 5. Elevation of...
...Compensation Mechanism Respiratory (Pulmonary) Compensation Mechanism Slide...
...being admitted with pulmonary diseases or developing...
...patients with chronic pulmonary disorders are admitted...
...between problems of pulmonary and cardiovascular etiology....
...hypertension, coronary artery disease, or previous myocardial...
...infarction. 3. Previous pulmonary problems, as well...
...also help differentiate pulmonary from cardiac problems....
...Sleep–Rest History 1. Pulmonary problems frequently interfere...
...the brain. 3. Pulmonary disorders can increase...
...threatening experiences for pulmonary patients. Common Complaints...
...Complaints Associated with Pulmonary Disorders 1. If...
...restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disorders. Orthopnea 1....
...problems or severe pulmonary disease. 2. It...
...or severe pulmonary disease. 2. It refers...
...of transient mild pulmonary edema. 10. Fluids...
...pain caused by pulmonary disease or pain...
...caused by pulmonary disease or pain caused...
...caused by cardiac disease. Subjective Data 1....
...point 3. Most pulmonary disorders affect only...
...information about a pulmonary disease. Subjective data...
...about a pulmonary disease. Subjective data 1....
...patient has a disease associated with chronic...
...of cardiovascular or pulmonary origin. 2. Common...
...2. Common causes: pulmonary embolism and cardiogenic...
...embolism and cardiogenic pulmonary edema secondary to...
...source is lung disease. 4. Information to...
...include: bronchitis and pulmonary edema Rhonchi 1....
...as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and...
...chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute...
...4. If a pulmonary artery catheter is...
...venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary...
...pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure,...
...The presence of pulmonary hypertension can alter...
...Complaints Associated with Pulmonary Disorders Dyspnea Subjective...
...Hemodynamic Values VII. Pulmonary Function Evaluation 1....
...initiates orders for pulmonary function testing a)...
...update or evaluate pulmonary status 2. Implementation...
...becomes interdisciplinary approach Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)...
...is measured using pulmonary function tests. 2....
...differentiate a restrictive pulmonary problem from an...
...conducted in a pulmonary laboratory using special...
...that accurately measures pulmonary volumes, capacities, and...
...Simpler measures of pulmonary function can be...
...a spirometer. Bedside Pulmonary Function Measurements 1....
...risk of developing pulmonary complications associated with...
...muscle fatigue. 2. Pulmonary function may be...
...or chronic restrictive pulmonary diseases. Minute Ventilation...
...help differentiate restrictive pulmonary problems from obstructive...
...Slides Slide 1 Pulmonary Function Evaluation Slide...
...Evaluation Slide 2 Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)...
...Tests (PFTs) Bedside Pulmonary Function Measurements Tidal...
...with hyperventilation, hypothermia, pulmonary embolism, or decreased...
...morbid obesity, severe pulmonary edema, or ventilation–perfusion...
...hypocarbia or low pulmonary blood flow (3)...
...as well as pulmonary gas exchange status....
...risk factors for pulmonary complications? Suggestions for...