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SlideshowReport

The “inside positive” rule

Description
Wild-type leader peptidase (Lep) from E. coli orients its two transmembrane helices with the termini in the periplasm and the loop between the helices in the cytoplasm.

Addition of four Lys to the N-terminus and removal of positive charge from the loop yield a mutant Lep that has the opposite membrane topology.

The membrane potential is indicated by greater negative charge on the cyotplasmic side compared to the periplasmic side.
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