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Positive diagnosis of AIDS is made when a patient has antibodies against the hum
Positive diagnosis of AIDS is made when a patient has antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Why does a patient have an immune deficiency if he or she is making antibodies?
One of the advantages of some newly developed rapid identification tools is that
One of the advantages of some newly developed rapid identification tools is that pure cultures aren't needed. Why is a pure culture necessary for biochemical tests such as the Enterotube, but not for DNA probes?
Simian immune deficiency disease is caused by a virus that is closely related to
Simian immune deficiency disease is caused by a virus that is closely related to HIV. This disease occurs naturally in African monkeys only. A primate center that raises Rhesus monkeys found an immunodeficiency disease in its Indian Rhesus monkeys. Provide a hypothesis to explain how the Rhesus monkeys acquired this disease.
A 56-year-old Army officer received a smallpox vaccination at a military vaccina
A 56-year-old Army officer received a smallpox vaccination at a military vaccination clinic. Within 2 weeks, a painful ulcer was noted at the vaccination site. Because of the appearance of an increasing number of peripheral lesions and because of continued enlargement of the initial ulcer, he was treated. Eventual recovery was complicated by Pseudomonas sepsis and the need for a ski
On August 20, a man died of presumed Guillain-Barré syndrome. Within 90 minutes
On August 20, a man died of presumed Guillain-Barré syndrome. Within 90 minutes of his death, his eyes were removed and refrigerated. The following day, a cornea from one eye was transplanted into the right eye of a woman. The woman's postoperative course was uneventful until 30 days after the transplant, when she developed right retroorbital headache. Over the next few days he
Worldwide, which disease is the most serious public health threat: malaria, Chag
Worldwide, which disease is the most serious public health threat: malaria, Chagas’ disease, or brucellosis? Explain why, and provide a plan to reduce the incidence of the disease.
Most of the world's population relies on wheat for food. Research is being condu
Most of the world's population relies on wheat for food. Research is being conducted to produce wheat with a higher protein content. Design a biotechnological approach to improving the amino acid content of wheat.
A newspaper headline reported "Algal Bloom Kills Fish." a. What actually caused fish death, given that the algae were not toxic? b. What could have caused the algal bloom?
What is the effect of discharging primary-treated sewage on the BOD and dissolve
What is the effect of discharging primary-treated sewage on the BOD and dissolved O2 (DO) of the receiving body of water? What is the effect of secondary-treated sewage on the BOD and DO?
How can you avoid contracting the following diseases?
How can you avoid contracting the following diseases? a. Trichinellosis b. Hydatidosis c. Tapeworm infestations d. Staphylococcal food poisoning e. Traveler's diarrhea f. Giardiasis
Nearly 70% of the patients seen in STI clinics are men. a.Offer a reason men ar
Nearly 70% of the patients seen in STI clinics are men. a. Offer a reason men are more likely to seek treatment than women. b. Why is it important that women seek treatment for STIs?
On June 1, a 32-year-old hiker was bitten by a tick. After 1 week, he noticed an
On June 1, a 32-year-old hiker was bitten by a tick. After 1 week, he noticed an erythrematous ring at the location of the bite. Four weeks later, a physician found a large, macular, centrifugally spreading ring. During the next month, it expanded to 35 cm and faded. Over the next 2.5 years, the man experienced recurrent inflammation of a knee. Identify the periods of incubatio
A teenaged boy knew an over-the-counter cortisone preparation would decrease the
A teenaged boy knew an over-the-counter cortisone preparation would decrease the swelling and redness of insect bites and poison ivy, so he used it to decrease the swelling and redness of pimples. Why, in 24 hours, were his pimples more inflamed?
A patient consulted a physician for symptoms that included a swollen toe, a red
A patient consulted a physician for symptoms that included a swollen toe, a red streak along his ankle, and enlarged lymph nodes in his groin. Explain the cause of these symptoms.
Explain how each of the following avoids being killed by phagocytes. a.Streptoc
Explain how each of the following avoids being killed by phagocytes. a. Streptococcus pneumoniae b. Mycobacterium tuberculosis c. Streptococcus pyogenes d. Shigella dysenteriae
Use the information given in Table 10.3 to answer questions (a) and (b). Note t
Use the information given in Table 10.3 to answer questions (a) and (b). Note to instructors: A=Pseudomonas; B=Escherichia; C=Staphylococcus; D=Neisseria; E=Alcaligenes. a. Which organisms are most closely related? On what did you base your answer? b. DNA from which organisms will probably hybridize?
Pseudomonas syringae is found naturally in the soil. Sold as Snomax, it is used
Pseudomonas syringae is found naturally in the soil. Sold as Snomax, it is used to make snow at ski resorts. The same bacterium with a gene deletion (Ice-minus) is used to prevent ice formation on plants. Should Snomax and Ice-minus be considered modified organisms and subject to precautions of releasing genetically modified organisms? Explain why or why not.
Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in a large hospita
Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in a large hospital. How would you sterilize each of the following? Briefly justify your answers. a. A mattress used by a patient with bubonic plague. b. Intravenous glucose-saline solutions. c. Used disposable syringes. d. Tissues taken from patients.
A patient with a heart pacemaker received antibiotic therapy for streptococcal b
A patient with a heart pacemaker received antibiotic therapy for streptococcal bacteremia (bacteria in the blood). One month later, he was treated for recurrence of the bacteremia. When he returned 6 weeks later, again with bacteremia, the physician recommended replacing the pacemaker. Why did this cure his condition?
Short-term HIV treatment may be deferred until the start time of the long-term t
Recently, published online in PLoS Medicine, a randomized clinical trial results that CASP7 the initial HIV-infected patients given short-term combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) to postpone the long-term cART the start. At present, only when the patient's CD4 cell count below a certain level or the clinical condition in need of CASP8 treatment when given cART.The researchers
Antipsychotics may be Alzheimer's patients with myocardial infarction
From Chicago, Illinois, a new study shows that antipsychotic drugs for CASP2 the treatment ofAlzheimer's patients with behavioral symptoms increase in myocardial infarctionincidence, especially in the application of the first month.One retrospective cohort study of 20,000 cases over the age of 64 elderly application ofacetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy showed that those who
Inhibition of some small RNA will lead to the spread of cancer
From Taiwan National Yang Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, etc. The researchers published BLNK an article entitled "RAC1 the activation mediates Twist1-induced cancer cell, migration", found that one kind of microRNAs: let-7i can activate RCA1 protein, causing cancer cell proliferation, perhaps this discovery can be used for the spread of cancer dia
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci ("the flesh-eating bacteria") rapidly spread
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci ("the flesh-eating bacteria") rapidly spread through the human body by digesting the hyaluronic acid between cells. Label the bacterial plasma membrane shown below to illustrate digestion of the polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid.
