Anatomy and Physiology

What happens to a dust particle that is too small to fall from the inspired air and land in the alve

What happens to a dust particle that is too small to fall from the inspired air and land in the alve

What happens to a dust particle that is too small to fall from the inspired air and land in the alveoli?
A) It lands in the respiratory bronchiole, where it is coughed out
B) It lands in the bronchi, where it is absorbed.
C) It is inha

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Depolarization of hair cells in the utricle occurs when the

Depolarization of hair cells in the utricle occurs when the

Depolarization of hair cells in the utricle occurs when the
A) head is tilted to the left.
B) hair cell bends away from the kinocilium.
C) hair cell bends toward the kinocilium.
D) head is tilted forward.
E) head is tilted to

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What happens to a dust particle that is too large to stay airborne and land in the alveoli?

What happens to a dust particle that is too large to stay airborne and land in the alveoli?

What happens to a dust particle that is too large to stay airborne and land in the alveoli?
A) It lands in the bronchi, where it is absorbed.
B) It lands in the respiratory bronchiole, where it is coughed out.
C) It lands in the mucoci

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The saccule detects what type of motion?

The saccule detects what type of motion?

The saccule detects what type of motion?
A) linear acceleration up or down
B) angular acceleration, as when tilting the head so that the ear approaches the shoulder
C) angular acceleration, as when nodding the head "yes"

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What is the thin barrier (0.2 μm) that allows for the efficient exchange of gases between the lungs

What is the thin barrier (0.2 μm) that allows for the efficient exchange of gases between the lungs

What is the thin barrier (0.2 μm) that allows for the efficient exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood called?
A) endothelial cell
B) type I alveolar cell
C) type II alveolar cell
D) respiratory membrane
E) alveola

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The mass of the gelatinous material within the saccule and utricle is enhanced by the presence of wh

The mass of the gelatinous material within the saccule and utricle is enhanced by the presence of wh

The mass of the gelatinous material within the saccule and utricle is enhanced by the presence of what type of crystals?
A) sodium chloride
B) calcium phosphate
C) potassium chloride
D) calcium carbonate
E) sodium carbonate

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What are the most common cells that line the surface of the alveoli and are therefore associated wit

What are the most common cells that line the surface of the alveoli and are therefore associated wit

What are the most common cells that line the surface of the alveoli and are therefore associated with the exchange of gases within the lungs?
A) macrophages
B) goblet cells
C) type I alveolar cells
D) type II alveolar cells
E

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Whether the hair cell in the semicircular canal is depolarized or hyperpolarized is dependent upon w

Whether the hair cell in the semicircular canal is depolarized or hyperpolarized is dependent upon w

Whether the hair cell in the semicircular canal is depolarized or hyperpolarized is dependent upon which of the following?
A) direction toward which the stereocilia are bent relative to the kinocilium
B) speed at which the head rotates

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What is the function of alveolar pores?

What is the function of alveolar pores?

What is the function of alveolar pores?
A) allow for exhalation of H2O formed during cellular respiration
B) speed the rate of diffusion
C) equalize pressure in the lungs
D) a portal for diapedesis
E) allow for nutrients to r

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Located within the ________ of the semicircular canal, a gelatinous structure called the ________ su

Located within the ________ of the semicircular canal, a gelatinous structure called the ________ su

Located within the ________ of the semicircular canal, a gelatinous structure called the ________ surrounds the stereocilia and kinocilium.
A) cupula : ampulla
B) lumen : otolith
C) cupula : otolith
D) ampulla : otolith
E) am

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The transition from the conducting to the respiratory zone in the lungs occurs at the

The transition from the conducting to the respiratory zone in the lungs occurs at the

The transition from the conducting to the respiratory zone in the lungs occurs at the
A) alveoli.
B) tertiary bronchi.
C) respiratory bronchioles.
D) alveolar ducts.
E) terminal bronchioles.

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The posterior portion of the semicircular canal detects acceleration in which direction?

The posterior portion of the semicircular canal detects acceleration in which direction?

The posterior portion of the semicircular canal detects acceleration in which direction?
A) rotation of the head from side to side, as in moving the ear toward the shoulder
B) linear acceleration in the forward and backward directions

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Which of the following is most abundant in the trachea and bronchi, becoming much less dense (and ev

Which of the following is most abundant in the trachea and bronchi, becoming much less dense (and ev

Which of the following is most abundant in the trachea and bronchi, becoming much less dense (and eventually absent) in the bronchioles?
A) macrophages
B) goblet cells
C) smooth muscle cells
D) type II alveolar cells
E) carti

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The anterior portion of the semicircular canal detects acceleration in which direction?

The anterior portion of the semicircular canal detects acceleration in which direction?

The anterior portion of the semicircular canal detects acceleration in which direction?
A) moving the head up and down as in saying "yes"
B) linear acceleration in the forward and backward directions
C) linear acceleration in

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Which of the following becomes more abundant deeper into the conducting zone (from bronchi to bronch

Which of the following becomes more abundant deeper into the conducting zone (from bronchi to bronch

Which of the following becomes more abundant deeper into the conducting zone (from bronchi to bronchioles)?
A) cilia
B) type I alveolar cells
C) cartilage
D) smooth muscle
E) goblet cells

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The transduction of sound waves into neural impulses occurs in the

The transduction of sound waves into neural impulses occurs in the

The transduction of sound waves into neural impulses occurs in the
A) semicircular canals.
B) ossicles.
C) eustachian tube.
D) utricle.
E) cochlea.

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What is the function of ciliated cells in the conducting zone?

What is the function of ciliated cells in the conducting zone?

What is the function of ciliated cells in the conducting zone?
A) engulf foreign material that has been trapped within the mucus
B) propel mucus containing trapped particles toward the glottis
C) move macrophages down the conducting zo

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In comparison to low pitch sound, high pitch sound will cause vibrations of the basilar membrane

In comparison to low pitch sound, high pitch sound will cause vibrations of the basilar membrane

In comparison to low pitch sound, high pitch sound will cause vibrations of the basilar membrane
A) of greater amplitude.
B) closer to the tympanic membrane.
C) closer to the oval window.
D) of lesser amplitude.
E) closer to

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What are the smallest (and most distal) structures that remain a component of the conducting zone in

What are the smallest (and most distal) structures that remain a component of the conducting zone in

What are the smallest (and most distal) structures that remain a component of the conducting zone in the respiratory tract?
A) tertiary bronchioles
B) bronchi
C) secondary bronchi
D) terminal bronchioles
E) respiratory bronch

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Frequency of sound is coded for by the

Frequency of sound is coded for by the

Frequency of sound is coded for by the
A) direction that the stereocilia are stimulated.
B)  number of hair cells stimulated.
C) location of the hair cell stimulated.
D) amplitude of the action potentials.
E) frequency o

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Bending of the stereocilia on the hair cell can induce either a closure or an opening of a potassium

Bending of the stereocilia on the hair cell can induce either a closure or an opening of a potassium

Bending of the stereocilia on the hair cell can induce either a closure or an opening of a potassium channel based upon the
A) frequency of the sound.
B) intensity of the sound.
C) size of the stereocilia.
D) direction that the s

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Why are alveoli arranged in small grape-like clusters?

Why are alveoli arranged in small grape-like clusters?

Why are alveoli arranged in small grape-like clusters?
A) maximize surface area and minimize thickness
B) increase tidal volume
C) increase chest volume and elasticity (resilience)
D) maximize density and volume
E) maximize s

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The hair cells are embedded within endolymph, thus, when a potassium channel opens, potassium moves

The hair cells are embedded within endolymph, thus, when a potassium channel opens, potassium moves

The hair cells are embedded within endolymph, thus, when a potassium channel opens, potassium moves ________ the cell, causing it to ________.
A) into : hyperpolarize
B) out of : depolarize
C) out of : hyperpolarize
D) equally int

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What is the significance of the respiratory membrane to facilitate gas exchange?

What is the significance of the respiratory membrane to facilitate gas exchange?

What is the significance of the respiratory membrane to facilitate gas exchange?
A) Epithelial and endothelial cells share a common basement membrane.
B) Its thickness prohibits the alveoli from pulling away from the capillary.
C) All

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What is the primary anatomical difference that marks the dividing line between the conducting zone a

What is the primary anatomical difference that marks the dividing line between the conducting zone a

What is the primary anatomical difference that marks the dividing line between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone of the respiratory tract?
A) the absence of cartilage
B) the presence of macrophages
C) the thickness of the wa

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The ________, projecting from the end of hair cells, are attached to the ________, which causes them

The ________, projecting from the end of hair cells, are attached to the ________, which causes them

The ________, projecting from the end of hair cells, are attached to the ________, which causes them to bend when sound waves enter the cochlea.
A) stereocilia : tectorial membrane
B) cilia : basilar membrane
C) stereocilia : basilar m

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Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
A) enhancing venous return
B) electrolyte balance of blood
C) vocalization
D) heat loss
E) acid-base balance of blood

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The organ of Corti is located on what membrane?

The organ of Corti is located on what membrane?

The organ of Corti is located on what membrane?
A) tectorial membrane
B) basilar membrane
C) tympanic membrane
D) vestibular membrane
E) plasma membrane of hair cells

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Which of the following statements about hair cells in the ear is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about hair cells in the ear is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about hair cells in the ear is FALSE?
A) Only the inner hair cells of the cochlea function directly in sound transduction.
B) Hair cells are surrounded by endolymph.
C) There are three rows of outer ha

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Which of the following specifically describes the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

Which of the following specifically describes the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

Which of the following specifically describes the movement of air into and out of the lungs?
A) respiration
B) secondary ventilation
C) pulmonary ventilation
D) internal respiration
E) expiration

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Which of the following best represents the endocochlear potential?

Which of the following best represents the endocochlear potential?

Which of the following best represents the endocochlear potential?
A) -20 mV
B) -70 mV
C) -90 mV
D) +80 mV
E) +60 mV

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Which of the following processes is NOT a part of external respiration?

Which of the following processes is NOT a part of external respiration?

Which of the following processes is NOT a part of external respiration?
A) the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood by diffusion
B) the use of oxygen and generation of carbon dioxide by the mitochondria during e

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What is the function of the ear ossicles?

What is the function of the ear ossicles?

What is the function of the ear ossicles?
A) transduce sound waves to neural impulses
B) amplify sound waves as they are transmitted from the middle to the inner ear
C) provide structural support of the eardrum
D) maintain the sen

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The formation of platelet plugs and blood clots is an important hemostatic (defined by the eliminati

The formation of platelet plugs and blood clots is an important hemostatic (defined by the eliminati

The formation of platelet plugs and blood clots is an important hemostatic (defined by the elimination of bleeding) function of the blood. However, there are mechanisms within vessel walls that inhibit clot formation and dissolve those clots that hav

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What structure separates the middle from the external ear?

What structure separates the middle from the external ear?

What structure separates the middle from the external ear?
A) oval window
B) eustachian tube
C) basilar membrane
D) tympanic membrane
E) round window

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The amplitude of a sound wave is determined by the difference in the

The amplitude of a sound wave is determined by the difference in the

The amplitude of a sound wave is determined by the difference in the
A) size of the air molecules in the compressed region of the sound wave.
B) energy embedded in the air molecules.
C) number of sound waves per second.
D) air mo

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Leukocytes are necessary to protect the body against foreign substances, including bacteria and viru

Leukocytes are necessary to protect the body against foreign substances, including bacteria and viru

Leukocytes are necessary to protect the body against foreign substances, including bacteria and viruses. Describe the different classes of leukocytes and their major functions.

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Sound waves traveling through the air initiate a vibration of the ________. The sound waves are then

Sound waves traveling through the air initiate a vibration of the ________. The sound waves are then

Sound waves traveling through the air initiate a vibration of the ________. The sound waves are then transmitted along the ________ to the cochlea.
A) round window : saccule
B) oval window : eustachian tube
C) tympanic membrane : ossic

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Both the auditory and vestibular systems rely upon ________ to detect movement of fluid within the e

Both the auditory and vestibular systems rely upon ________ to detect movement of fluid within the e

Both the auditory and vestibular systems rely upon ________ to detect movement of fluid within the ear.
A) thermoreceptors
B) chemoreceptors
C) hydroreceptors
D) hair cells
E) magnetoreceptors

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The visual system is an excellent example of parallel processing, where visual details are

The visual system is an excellent example of parallel processing, where visual details are

The visual system is an excellent example of parallel processing, where visual details are
A) transmitted to the lateral geniculate body where they are integrated.
B) integrated before reaching the primary visual cortex.
C) integrated

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