__________ has grown in the political cultures of most advanced democracies.
a. Cynicism
b. Optimism
c. Ideological rigidity
d. Religious evangelism
By welcoming new groups into their ranks, parties __________.
a. establish a monocultural dependence on the party system
b. rob those groups of their individual interests and concerns
c. give those groups a pragmatic and psychological stake in the political system
d. enhance political hegemony by disenfranchising voters outside of these groups
How does political competence compare with political efficacy?
a. Political competence is concerned with knowing how to have a political impact, whereas
political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have such a political impact.
b. Political competence is concerned with knowing why political events occur, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have a political impact.
c. Political competence is concerned with being able to pass a citizenship test about national history, whereas political efficacy is concerned with making sure no one in society feels powerless.
d. Political competence is concerned with knowing those who have a political impact, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have a political impact.
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