Which of the following explains the use of probability sampling?
a) the likelihood of any one member of a population being selected is known
b) the likelihood any one member of a population being selected is unknown
c) randomly selecting any one member from the population is effective
d) randomly selecting any one member from the population is underestimated
Which of the following would be considered a continuous variable?
a) the number answered correctly on a history test
b) grade level in school
c) gender
d) length
There are arguments for and against the use of statistical data analysis with single-case designs. Which of the following statements summarizes the case against statistical analysis?
a. Visual inspection of data has been shown to be sufficiently reliable, and is usually easier to perform than the complicated tests needed to analyze single-case data.
b. Statistical analysis does not reveal whether the treatment is of practical use, and may actually disguise the fact that the treatment works well for some people and for whom.
c. Statistical analysis favor a conservative approach and therefore may not allow us to detect meaningful changes in behavior. This approach may lead us to reject treatments that may be useful to large groups of people.
d. There are no statistical analyses suited to the time-series kind of behavior generated by single-case designs, nor are there valid means of interpreting what few statistical tests are available.
Which sampling technique should be used when the population's members differ from one
another on several important characteristics?
a) quota sampling
b) simple random sampling
c) systematic sampling
d) stratified random sampling
Which of the following is not a characteristic of psychology that makes it a science?
a. the use of empirical data
b. examining the links between variables of interests
c. an established system to challenge scientific claims
d. the use of controls in observations and experiments
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