A student who is participating in a long term research project decides to stop participating and does not inform the experimenter of his decision. This is an example of which of the following threats to validity?
a. Selection
b. History
c. Maturation
d. Attrition
Which of the following are threats to internal validity of the single-group before after design?
a. Retesting threats
b. Attrition threats
c. Maturation threats
d. All of the above are threats in this design.
Which of the following is NOT a quasi-experimental research design?
a. Single group
b. Comparison group
c. Matched-participant
d. Comparison-group before after
Threats to internal validity that occur due to the potential influence of changes in the social climate during the course of a study are called
a. attrition threats.
b. demand characteristics.
c. history threats.
d. mortality threats.
In research that is conducted over a period of time, the participants naturally get older. If the researcher is not interested in the effects of age on the dependent variable, then the changes in age pose which of the following threats to the validity of the research?
a. Attrition
b. Maturation
c. History
d. Selection
Longitudinal designs are to cross-sectional designs as
a. participant variable designs are to time-series designs.
b. before-after designs are to comparison-group designs.
c. comparison-group designs are to before-after designs.
d. historical designs are to current designs.
A researcher studies the cognitive development of a single group of children by measuring them in kindergarten, fourth grade, and seventh grade. Which type of design is being used?
a. Longitudinal
b. Cross-sectional
c. Participatory
d. Developmental
Research that uses two groups of individuals, one of which has had and one of which has not had the experience, is known as which of the following?
a. A comparison-group design
b. A before-after design
c. An A B group design
d. A selection-group design
An experimenter is interested in the influence of taking a one-semester-long test preparation course on performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). She contacts high school students who have and who have not taken the course and compares their scores on the SAT exam. She finds that the students who have taken the course score significantly higher on the test. Which of the following represents the principal threat to the internal validity of this experiment?
a. Regression to the mean
b. Maturation
c. Selection
d. Attrition
An experimenter is interested in the influence of taking a one-semester-long test preparation course on performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). She contacts high school students who have and who have not taken the course and compares their scores on the SAT exam. She finds that the students who have taken the course score significantly higher on the test. The appropriate statistical test is
a. descriptive statistics.
b. Pearson correlation.
c. chi-square.
d. one-way ANOVA.
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