A design in which the subjects in the experimental and control groups are related in some way is a _____ design.
a. correlated-groups
b. between-subjects
c. across-subjects
d. none of the alternatives is correct.
A design in which the same subjects are used in each condition is a _____ design.
a. matched-subjects
b. between-subjects
c. within-subjects
d. across-subjects
Sometimes it is difficult to generalize the results of a study to the population because of the _____.
a. diffusion of treatment problem
b. college sophomore problem
c. regression to the mean problem
d. mortality problem
Increasing the number of levels of the independent variable is to _____ replication as changing the type of dependent measure is to _____ replication.
a. exact; conceptual
b. conceptual; exact
c. systematic; exact
d. systematic; conceptual
When we can generalize from the sample used in a study to the population of interest we say that the study has _____ validity.
a. internal
b. external
c. construct
d. content
Alison's bathroom scale will not register a weight of more than 130 pounds. Alison does not realize this and therefore is unaware that she has put on a few pounds until she begins to notice how tight her clothes are. This illustrates the confound of a _____ effect.
a. ceiling
b. floor
c. practice
d. fatigue
A limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the bottom of the scale is to _____ as a limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the top of the scale is to _____.
a. practice effect; fatigue effect
b. fatigue effect; practice effect
c. ceiling effect; floor effect
d. floor effect; ceiling effect
Single-blind experiments help to control for ____ whereas double-blind experiments help to control for _____.
a. subject effects; experimenter and subject effects
b. experimenter and subject effects; subject effects
c. fatigue effects; practice effects
d. practice effects; fatigue effects
After participating in an experiment on the effects of alcohol on sociability, Megan could not wait to return to her sorority house to tell all of her sisters about it. In this situation, the researcher should be concerned with the confound of:
a. mortality.
b. regression to the mean.
c. testing.
d. diffusion of treatment.
When subjects are lost differentially from the experimental and control groups, any observed effect may be due to:
a. mortality.
b. instrumentation.
c. diffusion of treatment.
d. history.
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