What would be the effect of a thyroid deficiency beginning in infancy?
A. Gigantism would occur.
B. Acromegaly would occur.
C. Growth rate would be faster than normal.
D. Growth rate would be slower than normal.
E. Body temperature would be above normal.
(
Question 2) Which of the following hormones is NOT usually secreted at higher levels in response to stress?
A. aldosterone
B. gonadotropins
C. vasopressin
D. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
E. beta-endorphin
(
Question 3) Which statement best describes the manner in which growth hormone stimulates cell proliferation?
A. It directly stimulates cell division in most tissues.
B. It stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) from the liver and other target tissues of growth hormone.
C. It stimulates metabolism.
D. It stimulates the release of eicosanoids from lymphoid tissues.
E. It stimulates sleep.
(
Question 4) Which is true about the growth of long bones?
A. Osteoblasts dissolve bone tissue when bones remodel in response to sex hormones.
B. Osteoclasts are responsible for depositing new bone tissue at the epiphyseal growth plate before puberty.
C. Before adolescence, bones are completely made up of cartilage; after puberty they ossify and harden.
D. Growth in length occurs at a single epiphyseal growth plate in the center of the shaft of long bones.
E. Growth in length occurs at two epiphyseal growth plates near the ends of long bones.
(
Question 5) At what time in the lifespan is growth hormone secretion rate highest?
A. in utero
B. during childhood
C. during adolescence
D. during adulthood
E. during senescence
(
Question 6) Which of the hormones listed below has the most profound direct effect to stimulate the increased resorption of bone when plasma Ca2+ levels decrease?
A. thyroxine
B. parathyroid hormone
C. calcitonin
D. cortisol
E. insulin
(
Question 7) In what form is the body's largest pool of calcium?
A. embedded in collagen in many types of connective tissue
B. blood, dissolved within the plasma
C. skeletal muscle, stored in terminal cisternae
D. bones, in the form of hydroxyapatites
E. liver, inside the endoplasmic reticulum
(
Question 8) Which is a result of an absence of thyroid hormones during fetal development?
A. acromegaly
B. Cushing's syndrome
C. congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)
D. Graves' disease
E. Addison's disease
(
Question 9) Which of the following is an action of the sympathetic nervous system during stress?
A. It increases the ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required.
B. It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera.
C. It inhibits blood clotting.
D. It decreases ventilation of the lungs to save oxygen.
E. It increases glycogen synthesis in the liver.
(
Question 10) Which of the following is NOT stimulated by cortisol during stress?
A. gluconeogenesis
B. protein catabolism
C. glucose uptake into muscle cells
D. triglyceride catabolism in adipose cells
E. decreased sensitivity to insulin
Quick Reply
