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jj35 jj35
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Posts: 546
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6 years ago
The age at which infants first exhibit the classic sleep stages seen in adults is ____ months.
 
  a. 6 c. 12
  b. 9 d. 18



Q. 2  Sleep spindles occur at a frequency of ____ cycles/s.
 
  a. 4 to 7 c. 14 to 16
  b. 9 to 13 d. <3.5



Q. 3  Which characteristics are associated with REM sleep?
 
  1. Lower level tonic activity
  2. High-voltage, low-frequency waves on an electroencephalogram
  3. Absence of tonic activity on an electromyogram
  4. Often absent responsiveness to external stimuli
  a. 1 and 2 c. 1, 2, and 4
  b. 3 and 4 d. 2, 3, and 4



Q. 4  Which of the following brain waveforms are present during wakefulness? 1. Alpha waves 2. Beta waves 3. Relatively low-voltage, mixed-frequency waves 4. Delta waves
 
  a. 1 and 2 c. 3 and 4
  b. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 4



Q. 5  Which of the following will not cause a respiratory acidosis?
 
  a. Diabetes mellitus c. Overdose with sed-atives
  b. Neuromuscular dis-order d. Restrictive pulmo-nary disease



Q. 6  What is the correct interpretation of the following arterial blood gas values: pH of 7.38, PaCO2 of 38 mm Hg, and HCO3 of 23 mEq/L?
 
  a. Normal c. Respiratory acidosis
  b. Respiratory alkalo-sis d. Metabolic acidosis
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wrote...
6 years ago
(Answer to Q. 1)  ANS: C
By 12 months of age, infants exhibit the classic sleep stages seen in adults.

(Answer to Q. 2)  ANS: B
Sleep spindles are waveforms with waxing and waning amplitude that occur at a frequency of 9 to 13 cycles/s.

(Answer to Q. 3)  ANS: B
Absence of tonic activity on an electromyogram and an often absent responsiveness to external stimuli are associated with REM sleep. Lower level tonic activity on an electromyogram and high-voltage, low-frequency waves on an electroencephalogram are indicative of non-REM sleep.

(Answer to Q. 4)  ANS: A
An electroencephalogram shows that alpha waves and beta waves are present during wakefulness and diminish as the sleeper's electroencephalogram converts to relatively low-voltage, mixed-frequency waves. Delta waves are present during slow-wave sleep or the deepest stages of non-REM sleep.

(Answer to Q. 5)  ANS: A
Diabetes mellitus will primarily cause a metabolic acidosis that will lead to the body compensat-ing by hyperventilating, resulting in a respiratory alkalosis. Neuromuscular disorders, overdosing with sedatives, and restrictive pulmonary diseases can cause respiratory acidosis.

(Answer to Q. 6)  ANS: A
The values for all three results are within normal limits.
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