A community health nurse is participating in a healthy-living workshop that has been sponsored by a local seniors' center. The discussion has turned to the problem of heart failure, and the nurse is emphasizing preventative measures.
When teaching older adults to decrease their future risks of developing heart failure, the nurse should emphasize what action?
A) Effective stress management
B) A low-fat, high-protein diet
C) Physical exercise and the importance of getting 30 to 60 minutes of activity each day
D) Close blood pressure monitoring and vigilant adherence to hypertension therapy
Question 2A patient, age 53, has discovered a lump in her breast while performing her monthly breast self-examination. Which action is recommended next for this patient?
a. A prompt examination by her physician is needed.
b. It is best to wait at least 1 month to be sure the lump remains.
c. A physical examination should be postponed until the lump enlarges.
d. Warm, moist compresses should be applied at least three times a day to help reduce the size.
Question 3A patient, age 39, has been receiving chemotherapy for treatment of her cancer of the breast. She has a white blood cell count of 1,600/mm3 . A person who has leukopenia has a special need for which nursing intervention?
a. Provision of adequate fluid intake
b. Protection from falls
c. Protection against infection
d. Limitation of activities
Question 4The nurse is conducting a morning assessment of an 80-year-old female patient who has a longstanding diagnosis of heart failure (HF).
The nurse notes an elevation in jugular venous pressure (JVP) greater than 4 cm above the woman's sternal angle, a finding that did not exist the day before. What conclusion should the nurse draw from this assessment finding?
A) The woman is demonstrating the early signs of cardiogenic shock.
B) The woman has left-sided heart failure.
C) The woman is also likely to experience shortness of breath.
D) The woman may be experiencing an exacerbation of right-sided HF.
Question 5A patient has been newly diagnosed with heart failure (HF) and has come to the meet with the nurse at the clinic for health education. What lifestyle recommendation should the nurse provide to this patient when discussing dietary modifications?
A) It's in your best interests to avoid excessive fluids and sodium in your diet.
B) Try to replace as many of the complex carbohydrates in your diet with simple sugars.
C) I'll teach you some good sources of potassium, which you should try to eat regularly.
D) Many people with HF find that small, frequent meals allow them to manage their diet effectively.
Question 6The patient, age 63, has a diagnosis of cancer of the prostate gland with metastasis and is experiencing cachexia. This state is best described by the characteristics of:
a. Poor health, malnutrition, and wasting
b. Increased appetite and nervousness
c. Irritability and anger
d. Depression, fear, and anxiety
Question 7The nurse has completed a head-to-toe assessment of a patient who was admitted for the treatment of heart failure (HF). Which of the following assessment findings should signal to the nurse a possible exacerbation of the patient's condition?
A) Crackles are audible on chest auscultation.
B) The patient's blood pressure (BP) is 144/99.
C) The patient has put out 600 mL of dilute urine over the past 8 hours.
D) Blood glucose testing reveals a glucose level of 158 mg/dL.
Question 8A patient, age 72, is receiving chemotherapy for treatment of malignant lymphoma. Chemotherapeutic agents work by
a. destroying only cancer cells.
b. interfering with the cells' ability to reproduce.
c. reducing the production of hydrochloric acid.
d. interfering with the movement of cells from one part of the body to another.
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