Compare and contrast the due process clause and the equal protection clause in the Constitution. ...

(Ans. #1)

An ideal response will:
1. Define the due process clause as a clause in the Fifth Amendment that limits the power of the national government, and explain how a similar clause in the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits state governments from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property arbitrarily.
2. Define the equal protection clause as a clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, and explain that by interpretation, the Fifth Amendment imposes the same limitation on the national government.
3. Compare the due process clause and the equal protection clause, noting that together they include both state and national governments and that both have been important for expanding civil rights.
4. Contrast the due process clause and the equal protection clause. An ideal response might note that the due process clause prohibits government from taking away one's civil liberties arbitrarily, while the equal protection clause, in contrast, requires that government treat everyone equally, regardless of race, national origin, or sex.

(Ans. #2)

An ideal response will:
1. Compare nonviolent resistance and litigation, noting that both were techniques successfully used to advance the civil rights movement.
2. Contrast nonviolent resistance, noting that the former may involve breaking the law, while litigation entails using the law.
3. Make an argument that either nonviolent resistance or litigation was a more successful strategy during the civil rights movement. Nonviolent resistance led to public uproar in the North over discriminatory and segregationist laws in the South. This eventually led Congress to enact the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. Litigation, however, brought down Jim Crow laws (Brown v. Board) without using young people as human targets, as often occurred during direct action events.

(Ans. #3)

An ideal response will:
1. Explain that resident aliens enjoy fewer protections than U.S. citizens. They may not run for elective office, and their right to vote may be denied.
2. Identify protections that are extended to aliens, including freedom of religion and freedom of speech.
3. Explain that citizens and noncitizens alike are protected under the due process and equal protection clauses.

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