The total-point system most resembles which of the following grading systems?
a. contract system
b. norm-referenced system
c. summative system
d. formative system
Ques. 2The most frequent value of an ordered set of values.
a. mean
b. mode
c. confidence interval
d. median
Ques. 3Three of the following are differences that teachers may find among children from some cultural backgrounds. Which behavior is probably not the result of a student's cultural background?
a. Some students may look down at their feet as a way of showing respect for authority figures.
b. Some students may feel that teachers' personal questions are intrusive and perhaps have been specifically taught not to answer certain kinds of questions.
c. Some students may be accustomed to talking back to authority figures when they disagree.
d. Some students may have trouble being punctual for appointments and after-school activities.
Ques. 4Rani has just moved here from a Middle Eastern country where most women remain at home serving their husbands and taking care of their children. She seems confused when she is asked to perform the same school tasks as her male classmates. Rani's situation illustrates:
a. Why gender schemas are irrelevant to some cultures
b. Cultural differences in personal space
c. The importance of wait time
d. Cultural mismatch
Ques. 5From the perspective of cognitive psychology, recognition memory tasks are easier than recall tasks because recognition tasks:
a. provide more retrieval cues.
b. don't require involvement of working memory.
c. don't need to be learned in a meaningful fashion.
d. can usually be answered by using skills that have been learned to automaticity.
Ques. 6Mr. Jacobs wants to find out whether a new program for teaching physical education promotes students' physical development. He gives his students a number of tests before they begin the program (pretests) and the same tests again after they have been in the program for eight months (posttests). He finds that the students' posttest scores are higher than their pretest scores and so concludes that the program is effective. What is definitely wrong with Mr. Jacobs' conclusion?
a. Eight months is too short a time for such a program to have a long-term effect.
b. There are other possible explanations for his results.
c. Tests are not a good measure of physical development.
d. The posttests should always be different from the pretests.
Ques. 7Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn only from an experimental study?
a. Boys are more likely to show aggressive behavior than girls.
b. Children grow taller as they get older.
c. Drugs administered during childbirth affect a child's early development.
d. Children's muscular coordination improves as they grow older.
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