Ethological theory states that attachment develops automatically in order to promote
a. emotional expressiveness.
b. survival.
c. reinforcement of parental actions.
d. display rules for emotionality.
Question 2Ethologists emphasize ____ among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize ____.
a. quickened speed; accuracy
b. variations; consistencies
c. experiential effects; biological maturation
d. similarities; differences
Question 3Cognitive-developmental theory states that the infant's attachment depends on its mastery of
a. display rules for basic emotions.
b. object permanence.
c. a positive self-concept.
d. an easy temperament.
Question 4CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as ____ is to ____.
a. WARMTH :: COLD
b. ABRUPT :: GRADUAL
c. PARENT :: OFFSPRING
d. DEMOCRAT :: REPUBLICAN
Question 5Freud's psychoanalytic theory predicts that mothers who feed babies generously will receive strong attachment. Research results on this topic
a. support Freud; well-fed babies are attached strongest.
b. neither support nor contradict Freud.
c. support Freud for girls and contradict him for boys.
d. contradict Freud; attachment seems unrelated to feeding.
Question 6A primary assumption of the ethological viewpoint is that
a. the environment is the most important factor in human development.
b. members of a species share a number of adaptive behaviors that are the products of evolution.
c. children pass through a series of stages as they develop.
d. development is highly influenced by the cultural context in which it occurs.
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