While sociologists realize there is no such thing as biologically determined race, they recognize that the consequences of perceived differences among people are real. To make this distinction, social scientists use the concept of ____.
a. ethnicity
b. ascribed status
c. social race
d. subordination
e. caste
Question 2The most important characteristic of the second demographic transition is
a. a reduction in the net migration rate.
b. a decline in fertility from slightly above replacement level to slightly below.
c. an increase in mortality.
d. the progress achieved in adult literacy.
e. the shift from gesellschaft to gemeinschaft patterns of social organization.
Question 3Which of the following best represents the position of contemporary social scientists concerning differences in intelligence among races?
a. There is no scientific evidence that races differ in their innate mental characteristics.
b. The weight of current scientific evidence supports a connection between genetically determined physical characteristics and the innate intellectual inferiority of certain races.
c. Recent research indicates there are significant differences in measured IQ for some but not all races.
d. Social scientists are now more interested in biological than in social definitions of races.
e. Social scientists are generally afraid to tell the truth about racial differences.
Question 4According to Shepard, the only part of the world in which the second demographic transition has occurred is ____.
a. the United States
b. India
c. Brazil
d. Europe
e. China
Question 5An ideology that links the physical characteristics of a people with their psychological or supposed intellectual inferiority would be an example of ____.
a. discrimination
b. racism
c. sexism
d. self-fulfilling prophecy
e. majority rule
Question 6According to Shepard, the areas of the world presently in the fourth stage of the demographic transition include
a. China, Indochina, and India.
b. South Africa, Argentina, and Australia.
c. Japan, North America, and Europe.
d. Europe, Russia, and the United States.
e. There are no countries in the fourth stage.
Question 7In what year did the U.S. Census first permit people to select more than one racial category?
a. 1940
b. 1960
c. 1980
d. 1990
e. 2000
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