A confused older adult patient in a skilled nursing facility was asleep when unlicensed assistive ...

A confused older adult patient in a skilled nursing facility was asleep when unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) entered the room quietly and touched the bed to see if it was wet. The patient awakened and hit the UAP in the face.
 
  Which statement best explains the patient's action?
 
  a. Older adult patients often demonstrate exaggerations of behaviors used earlier in life.
  b. Crowding in skilled nursing facilities increases an individual's tendency toward violence.
  c. The patient learned violent behavior by watching other patients act out.
  d. The patient interpreted the UAP's behavior as potentially harmful.