If you wanted to pick up something heavier than your pencil (such as your book), you would need to have a stronger muscle contraction. In what way might you accomplish this?
a. stimulate more motor units
b. decrease the frequency of stimulation to allow a more prolonged contraction to occur
c. decrease the refractory period
d. block acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction to allow acetylcholine to function longer
e. none of these answers.
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Question 2) Which of the following is not a component of saliva?
a. amylase.
b. mucus.
c. pepsin.
d. lysosome.
e. water.
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Question 3) Summation
a. results from increases in cystolic calcium levels.
b. a decreased in the rate of firing of the motor neuron
c. produces weaker than normal contractions
d. rarely results in tetany.
e. none of these answers.
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Question 4) Which of the following is not a function of saliva? Saliva
a. facilitates swallowing.
b. oral hygiene
c. dissolves glucose to facilitate its absorption by the oral mucosa.
d. has antibacterial action.
e. buffers acids in food
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Question 5) Twitch summation
a. is a means by which gradation of muscle contraction may be accomplished.
b. results from increasing the number of motor units that are firing within a muscle.
c. results from increasing the frequency at which motor units are firing within a muscle.
d. both (a) and (b) above.
e. both (a) and (c) above.
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Question 6) Salivary secretion:
a. is controlled by both conditioned and unconditioned reflexes
b. is controlled only by hormones
c. is controlled only by sympathetic nerves
d. is more watery when stimulated by the sympathetic nerves
e. none of the above
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Question 7) In twitch summation,
a. the muscle fiber is stimulated again before the action potential has returned to resting potential.
b. the muscle fiber is stimulated again before the filaments have completely returned to their resting position.
c. stronger muscle contractions occur but stronger action potentials do not occur.
d. both (b) and (c) above.
e. all of these answers.
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Question 8) Which of the following is accomplished by chewing?
a. grinding and breaking up food
b. mixing food with saliva to facilitate swallowing
c. reflexively increasing salivary, gastric, pancreatic, and bile secretion
d. two of these answers.
e. all of these answers.
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Question 9) A motor unit has a small number of muscle fibers. Which of the following would likely be true of this motor unit. It:
a. is can produce a great amount of forces
b. is associated with muscles of the lower back
c. is involved in delicate contractions
d. has companion motor units that likely have many muscle fibers
e. is a sheet of smooth muscle cells connected by gap junctions.
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Question 10) Chewing increases which of the following secretions?
a. salivary secretion.
b. gastric secretion.
c. pancreatic secretion.
d. both (a) and (b) above.
e. all of these answers.
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