The primary integrator of body temperature control reflexes is the:
A. medullary cardiovascular center.
B. cerebral cortex.
C. thyroid gland.
D. hypothalamus.
E. adrenal medulla.
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Question 2) Acclimatization to a hot environment includes which of these physiological changes?
A. a decrease in the set point temperature regulated by the hypothalamus
B. decreased volume and increased salt concentration of sweat glands
C. decreased volume and salt concentration of sweat from the sweat glands
D. increased volume and salt concentration of sweat from the sweat glands
E. increased volume and decreased salt concentration of sweat from the sweat glands
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Question 3) During the absorptive state, the body makes use of stored nutrients for energy.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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Question 4) Endogenous pyrogen:
A. is released by infection-fighting leukocytes and acts on muscle tissue.
B. is released by the hypothalamus and acts on infection-fighting leukocytes.
C. is released by infection-fighting leukocytes and has the same action as aspirin.
D. is released by infection-fighting leukocytes and acts on the temperature-integrating centers of the hypothalamus.
E. is released by the pyloric region of the stomach and raises the temperature of digestion.
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Question 5) The source of the triglycerides used for synthesis of very low-density lipoproteins in the liver is fatty acids and glycerol absorbed from the bloodstream by the liver.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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Question 6) The principal means of increasing heat production in response to a cold environment is:
A. vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin.
B. wearing warm clothing.
C. shivering thermogenesis and increased voluntary activity.
D. vasodilation of blood vessels in skin.
E. increasing food intake to elevate the metabolic rate.
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Question 7) The subjective feeling of hunger is stimulated when:
A. plasma insulin concentration increases.
B. plasma ghrelin concentration decreases.
C. plasma leptin concentration decreases.
D. plasma glucose concentration increases.
E. body temperature increases.
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Question 8) Ghrelin is secreted by _______________, and increases ________________ while decreasing _________________.
A. cells in the stomach; neuropeptide Y secretion; appetite
B. adipose tissue; growth hormone secretion; leptin secretion
C. muscle tissue; appetite; growth hormone secretion
D. cells in the stomach; appetite; fat breakdown
E. adipose tissue; appetite; fat breakdown
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Question 9) The thermoneutral zone is defined as:
A. the region in the central core of the body where temperature never changes.
B. the core body temperature at which no energy is expended to maintain homeostasis.
C. the environmental temperature range over which the changes in skin blood flow alone can regulate body temperature.
D. the region of the body halfway between the high-temperature core and the low-temperature skin.
E. the environmental temperature range in which shivering, changes in blood flow, and changes in thyroid hormone concentrations can maintain homeostasis of the body's core temperature.
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Question 10) If more calories are ingested in food than are expended by metabolism:
A. a person will gain weight.
B. a person will lose weight.
C. a person will stay the same weight because the excess energy is destroyed.
D. whether weight is gained or lost depends upon whether the calories are in the form of proteins, carbohydrates, or fat.
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