In the absence of surgery or trauma, what does the presence of blood in the pleural fluid most ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  A
In the absence of trauma or surgery, blood in the pleural fluid most likely results from malignant disease. A pulmonary embolization and infarction may also cause blood in the pleural fluid.

(Answer to Q. 2)  B
Respiratory factors associated with PPHN include MAS and RDS. Congenital heart disease is a cardiovascular factor associated with PPHN. Hypoxia is a fetal factor associated with PPHN. See Box 31-2 for the complete list.

(Answer to Q. 3)  A
There is a vaccination against Haemophilus influenza type B that can prevent a child from developing epiglottitis. Although there is a vaccination against diphtheria, this infection does not cause epiglottitis.

(Answer to Q. 4)  A
Normal, vesicular breath sounds would not be heard in a patient with the secretion problems found with bronchiectasis. Rather, crackles (rhonchi) and wheezes would be heard. The other three conditions are not associated with bronchiectasis.

(Answer to Q. 5)  D
It is estimated that up to 40 of patents with bacterial pneumonia have an accompanying pleural effusion.

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