A person with Down syndrome typically has some level of intellectual disability and a variety of ...

A person with Down syndrome typically has some level of intellectual disability and a variety of other physical characteristics, such as slanted eyes and a thick tongue. These characteristics are the
 
  a. genotype.
 b. phenotype.
 c. deoxyribotype.
  d. codontype.

Question 2

An important advantage of the multiple baseline design over the withdrawal design for evaluating treatments is that multiple baseline
 
  a. has greater internal validity.
 b. has greater external validity.
 c. does not require the removal of a potentially helpful treatment.
  d. does not require the artificial intervention of the researcher.

Question 3

The single-case experimental design is primarily criticized as having limited
 
  a. reliability.
 b. external validity.
  c. Internal validity.
  d. measures.

Question 4

A child is having temper tantrums at home, at school, and at his grandparents' house. After working with the parents for a while, the therapist believes that the child is being rewarded for his tantrums in each setting because his teacher, parents, and grandparents generally give him what he wants just to make him stop yelling. The therapist devises a plan to stop his tantrums but first implements the plan at home, then the following week at school, and finally at the grandparents' home several weeks later. From a research perspective, this is an example of a(n)
 
  a. withdrawal design.
 b. multiple baseline design.
  c. placebo control.
 d. external validity design.

Question 5

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the
 
  a. difficulty of measuring changes that are associated with removal of a treatment.
 b. confounding factor of the placebo effect when the treatment is removed.
 c. ethical issue of removing treatment that appears to be helping the patient.
 d. impossibility of removing the treatment equally for the treatment subjects and control subjects.

Question 6

The advantage of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is that the researcher can
 
  a. counterbalance the research design with additional measures to improve internal and external validity.
  b. control for the placebo effect.
 c. conduct a true double-blind experiment.
 d. determine whether improvements gained with treatment are lost when the treatment is withheld.