Discuss the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and treatment options for delirium. Include a comparison of ...

Answer to #1

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for delirium include a disturbance of consciousness and decreased ability to focus attention. Symptoms are accompanied by a change in cognitive functioning or development of delusions or hallucinations not accounted for by dementia or any other previously existing condition. Delirium typically starts suddenly and fluctuates over the course of the day, and there is usually evidence from the patient's history or medical tests that the delirium is caused by a medical condition.
The onset of delirium is sudden, typically within hours or days, but it can be slow and progressive among older adults. Symptoms of delirium can persist for months in older patients, in contrast to young adults, where they typically disappear after only a short time.
As a first step towards treatment, screening for known risk factors is necessary. In general, treatment strategies include medication, environmental changes, and support for both the patient and family. Low-dose antipsychotic medications can help keep the patient safe and reduce symptoms. When delirium is due to withdrawal of alcohol or other sedatives, short-acting benzodiazepines may be used.

Answer to #2

FALSE

Answer to #3

c. Psychodynamic

Answer to #4

Neuroendocrine changes, greater longevity of women, and differential psychosocial stressors may explain these sex-related differences. Estrogen, for example, may serve as an endogenous antipsychotic (a naturally occurring substance that functions in the same way as an antipsychotic medication). In this instance, until menopause, estrogen may prevent psychotic symptoms in women who are biologically at risk for schizophrenia.

Answer to #5

1. Set a regular bedtime and wake time. It's helpful to go to bed and wake up at the same time. 2. Limit the use of the bedroom. Use the bedroom/bed only for sleep or sex. 3 . Exit the bedroom if you are not asleep in 15-20 minutes. When you go to bed at your regular time, but don't feel sleepy within 15-20 minutes, you should get up and go into another room until you feel sleepy again. This rule can be used throughout the night if you wake up and can't immediately fall back to sleep. 4. Eliminate naps. Naps can be disruptive to nighttime sleep. If you are unable to avoid a nap mid-day, limit it to one hour and do not sleep after 3 pm. 5. Put your feet on the floor at the same time every morning. It is important to wake up at about the same time every morning, give or take 30 minutes.