Cheesman and Merikle's (1984) investigations on subliminal priming suggested that: a) whether ...

Cheesman and Merikle's (1984) investigations on subliminal priming suggested that:
 
  a) whether subliminal is determined objectively or subjectively, subliminal priming doesn't work
   b) if subliminally is defined objectively, subliminal priming works; if it's defined subjectively, it doesn't
   c) if subliminally is defined subjectively, subliminal priming works; if it's defined objectively, it doesn't
   d) subliminal priming works, regardless of whether subliminally is defined subjectively or objectively

Question 2

Greenwald, et al., (1991) conducted a double-blind study on the effectiveness of subliminal self-help audiotapes.
 
  In their study, participants listened to one of two self-help tapes that (ostensibly) presented
   messages designed to aid memory or self-esteem. However, the memory tape was labeled self-esteem and the
   self-esteem tape was labeled memory improvement. Later they were assessed on actual improvement in self- esteem or memory, as well as their own perceived improvement in self-esteem or memory. What was found?
   a) There were actual improvements, and these improvements matched the content of the tape.
   b) There were only perceived improvements, and these improvements matched the content of the tape.
   c) There were actual improvements, and these improvements matched the label of the tape.
   d) There were only perceived improvements, and these improvements matched the label of the tape.

Question 3

Costello, Jiang, Baartman, and He (2009) found evidence for preconscious processing within the binocular rivalry paradigm. Subliminal processing was evident in that:
 
  a) subliminally presented primes made responding faster.
   b) subliminally presented primes made responding slower.
   c) subliminally presented words became easier to identify if preceded by a related prime.
   d) subliminally presented words were more difficult to identify if preceded by a related prime.

Question 4

Many social psychologists point out that tests of subliminal persuasion are not really fair tests, because:
 
  a) the primes aren't really subliminal.
   b) the subliminal messages used are too short to be perceived.
   c) subliminal messages don't work unless they tap into some motivation or need.
   d) subliminal messages work only in the auditory sense; most empirical tests have been visual.