Which of the following is a consequence of the discovery of hot Jupiters for the nebular theory of ...

Which of the following is a consequence of the discovery of hot Jupiters for the nebular theory of solar system formation?
 
  A) It has been discarded.
  B) It has been modified to allow for the formation of gas giants within the frost line.
  C) It has been modified to allow for planets to migrate inwards or outwards due to gravitational interactions.
  D) Its status is unclear and awaits further observations that will determine whether hot Jupiters are dense Earth like planets or gas giants.
  E) It remains unchanged as it only needs to explain our Solar System.

Question 2

The brightest stars in a young open cluster will be:
 
  A) massive blue stars at the top left on the H-R diagram.
  B) red T-tauri stars still heading for the main sequence.
  C) red giants that are fusing helium into carbon.
  D) yellow giants like our Sun, but much larger.
  E) the core stars of planetary nebulae.

Question 3

M-87, the giant elliptical at the heart of the Virgo Supercluster, shows a(n) ________ extending outward from its core, moving at relativistic velocities.
 
  Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Question 4

What would Jupiter have needed to have become a star?
 
  A) more moons
  B) more mass
  C) a slower rotation, like the Sun
  D) a different chemical composition
  E) a higher density