According to Sutherland, people who frequently associate with individuals who are nonconformists are ...

Answer to q. 1

TRUE

Answer to q. 2

d

Answer to q. 3

Some sociologists use the concepts of high culture and popular culture to distinguish among different cultural forms. High culture consists of classical music, opera, ballet, live theater, and other activities usually patronized by elite audiences, composed primarily of members of the upper-middle and upper classes, who have the time, money, and knowledge assumed to be necessary for its appreciation. In the United States, high culture is often viewed as being international in scope, arriving in this country through the process of diffusion.

By contrast, much of U.S. popular culture is often thought of as homegrown. Popular culture consists of activities, products, and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working classes. These include rock concerts, spectator sports, movies, and television soap operas and situation comedies. Most sociological examinations of high culture and popular culture focus primarily on the link between culture and social class.

Answer to q. 4

TRUE

Answer to q. 5

b

Answer to q. 6

Culture shock is the disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own and believe they cannot depend on their own taken-for-granted assumptions about life. When observing people from other cultures, many of us use our own culture as the yardstick by which we judge their behavior. Sociologists refer to this approach as ethnocentrismthe practice of judging all other cultures by one's own culture. It is based on the assumption that one's own way of life is superior to all others. Ethnocentrism can be positive (most schoolchildren are taught that their own school and country are the best). Ethnocentrism can also be negative (such as derogatory stereotypes that ridicule recent immigrants). An alternative to ethnocentrism is cultural relativismthe belief that the behaviors and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the culture's own standards. An example of cultural relativism could be trying to understand the Hindu taboo against killing cattle.

Answer to q. 7

FALSE

Answer to q. 8

a

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