1.) the major reason that glycolysis is not as energy productive as respiration is that: A.) NAD+ is regenerated by alcohol or lactate production, without the high-energy electrons passing through the electron transport chain. B.) it is the pathway common to fermentation and respiration. C.) it does not take place in a specialized membrane bound organelle. D.) pyruvate still contains much of the energy from glucose. E.) substrate level phosphorylation is not as energy efficient as oxidative phosphorylation.
2.) In the chemiosmotic mechanism: A.) ATP produciton is linked to the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain. B.) the difference in pH between the intermembrane space and the cytosol drives the formation of ATP. C.) the flow of H+ through ATP synthases from the matrix to the intermembrane space drives the phosphorylation of ADP. D.)the energy released by the reduction and subsequent oxidation of components of the electron transport chain is transferred as a phosphate to ADP. E.) the produciton of water in the matrix by the reduciton of oxygen leads to a net flow of water out of a mitochondrion.
3.) Which of the following reaction sis incorrectly paired with its location? A.)ATP synthesis--inner membrane of the mitochondrion, matrix, and cytosol. B.) fermentation--cell cytosol C.) glycolysis--cell cytosol D.) substrate-level phosphorylation--cytosol and matrix E.) citric acid cycle--cristae of mitochondrion
4.)WHen glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water, approximately 40% of its energy is transferred to: A.) heat B.) ATP
5.)From an energenic viewpoint, what do muscle cells in oxygen deprivation gain from the reduciton of pyruvate? A.) ATP B.) ATP and recycled NAD+ C.) CO2 and NAD+ D.) ATp, alcohol, and NAD+ E.) ATP and CO2
6.)Which of the following produces the most ATP per gram? A.) glucose, because it is the starting place for glycolysis B.) Glycogen or starch, becuase they are polymers of glucose C.) fats, because they are highly reduced compounds D.) proteins, because of the energy stored in their tertiary structure. E.) amino acids, becuase theyc an be fed directly into the citric acid cycle.
7.) fats and proteins can be used as fuel in the cell because they: A.) can be converted to glucose by enzymes. B.) can be converted to intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. C.) can pass through the mitochondrial membrane to enter the citric acid cycle. D.) contain phosphate groups E.) contain more energy that glucose.
8.)Which is not true of the enzyme phosphofructokinase? It is: A.) an allosteric enzyme B.) inhibited by citrate. C.) the pacemaker of glycolysis and respiration D.) inhiabited by ADP E.) an early enxzyme in the clyvolytic pathway
9.) substrate level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of ATP formation when glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water? A.) 0% B.) 4% C.) 10% D.) 15% E.) 20%
10.) Cyanide is a poison that blocks the passage of electons along the electron transport chain. Which of the following is a metabolic effect of this poison? A.) the pH of the intermembrane space becomes much lower than normal B.) electrons are passed directly to oxygen, causing cells to explode C.) alcohol would build up in the cells D.) NADH supplies would be exhasted, and ATP synthesis would cease. E.) no proton gradient would be produced, and ATP synthesis would cease.
11.) which enzyme would use NAD+ as a coenzyme? A.) phosphofructokinase B.) phosphoglucoisomerase C.) triose phosphate dehydrogenase D.) hexokinase E.) phosphoglyceromutase
12.) the metabolic function of fermentation is to: A.) oxidize NADH to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in the absense of oxygen. B.) reduce NADH so that more ATP can be produced by the electron transport chain C.) produce lactate during aerobic exercises D.) oxidize pyruvate, thus releasing more energy. E.) make beer
13.) which compound will produce the most ATP when oxidized: A.) acetyl CoA B.) glucose C.) pyruvate D.) fructose biphosphate E.) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
14.) Why is glycolysys considered one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved? A.) it relies on fermetnation, which is a characteristic of the archaea and bacteria B.) it is found only in prokaryotes, whereas eukaryotes use their mitochondira to produce ATP. C.) it produces much less ATP than does the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis D.) it relies totally on enzymes that are produced by free ribosomes, and bacteria have only free ribosomes and no bound ribosomes. E.) it is nearly universal, is located in the cytosol, and does not involve O2.
Also with this information, please tell me how sure you are about your answers. Thankyou TONS!
And if you have a little extra time, I have one more quesiton:
How much more ATP can be generatd by respiration than by fermentaiton? Explain why.
Again, thank you so much for any answers!!!
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