Your patient is a 32-year-old female mountain climber who lost her glove in frigid conditions. The fingers of her right hand are white, hard, cold, and noncompliant. You are based in a warm cabin, but due to weather conditions, you cannot evacuate your patient for 24 to 36 hours. In addition to administering analgesia, which of the following is the MOST appropriate treatment?
A) Thaw the hand by immersion in 120°-140° F water, using passive range of motion during the process. Cover the thawed hand with loose, dry, sterile dressings.
B) Cover the hand with a waterproof dressing or plastic bag, and place it in a basin filled with snow to prevent thawing. Provide liberal amounts of warm drinks such as coffee, hot tea, and cocoa.
C) Use sterile, bulky dressing material to cover the hand, elevate the hand on pillows, and allow passive thawing of the hand at ambient room air temperature.
D) Thaw the hand by immersion in 102°-104° F water, leave any blisters intact, and cover the thawed hand with loose, dry, sterile dressings, making sure to place dressings between the fingers.