Lab One – Cell Transport
1. What does MWCO mean? (both what do the letters stand for, and what does that actually mean?)
2. Through which filter did the fastest filtration occur? Why?
3. Be able to define: passive transport, active transport, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, solute pump, hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic
4. What’s the difference between passive and active transport?
5. Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion and active transport. (i.e. how are they the same? How are they different?)
6. What would happen to a cell in a hypotonic solution? How about in a hypertonic solution?
Lab Two – Neurophysiology
1. Be able to define resting membrane potential, depolarization, repolarization, action potential.
2. What does threshold stimulus mean?
3. What ion moves out of a cell during depolarization? What ion moves and in which direction during repolarization?
4. What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron? (number here)
5. What are the various types of stimuli that resulted in an action potential?
6. What characteristics did you find in the nerve that had the fastest conduction?
7. What are relative and absolute refractory periods?
Lab Three – Endocrine
1. What is the real “master” control gland?
2. How do endocrine glands communicate with other cells?
3. What is the target tissue for: thyroxine, TSH, insulin, FSH?
4. Describe how the body regulates thyroid hormone levels… there are more than 2 glands involved.
5. What two hormones help regulate calcium levels? How?
6. What two hormones help regulate blood glucose levels? How?
7. What is Cushing’s disease? How about Addison’s?
8. How could you tell which rat group received ACTH and which received cortisol?
9. How could you tell which rat group received LH and which received testosterone?
10. How could you tell which rat group received TRH and which received TSH?
Lab Four – Skeletal muscle
1. Be able to define: motor unit, twitch, threshold, treppe, tetanus, fatigue, summation, isometric contraction, isotonic contraction.
2. Go through the entire process of muscle contraction – (excitation-contraction coupling)
3. What are the phases of a muscle twitch?
4. What is a motor unit? What is maximal stimulus?
Lab Five – Cardiovascular Dynamics
1. Define AND explain the flow equations (i.e. factors that affect blood flow)
2. Name the most efficient way you can increase flow in your cardiovascular system.
3. How could you increase resistance in your blood vessels?
4. Be able to define: diastole, systole, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, cardiac output, stroke volume, ventricular ejection
5. What does the Frank-Starling law mean?
6. What are preload and afterload?
7. What would happen if the left side of the heart pumped more blood than the right side?
8. Why are heart valves important?
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