Classical Conditioning

First of all the first example should not be classical conditioning, it should be operent conditioning because your training the boy to do something that he does consciously.

A) you would condition this boy by using Negative Reinforcement, which means in order to get the boy to stop running in traffic you would add a consequence every time he does it. For example every time he runs into the street make him unload the dishwasher etc.

B) To condition the child to love dogs, you should conduct an experiment that makes the child associate the dog with a pleasant feeling. For example you might present the child with his favorite candy after a dog is presented in the room.

UCS: Candy
UCR: Plea sent feeling
CS: Dog
CR: Pleasant feeling when dog enters a room

I hope that answers your question!

a)You would have to make the two year old negatively associate the busy road with some thing. You could make a loud noise every time she goes near the road, which would scare her, then every time she goes near the road she will be expecting to hear the noise which will make her not want to go there - i hope you get what i mean, i don't think i explained it very well.

b) You would have to associate dogs with something positive and gradually the child will begin to associate dogs with a positive feeling

Sorry i can't remember what UCS, CS UCR and CR stand for but that's the general idea