Frank is a good student. He attributes his success partly to studying long hours and partly to his intelligence (It runs in the family, he says).
Given what psychologists have learned about attributions, three of the following statements are likely to be accurate descriptions of Frank. Which one is probably not an accurate description?
a. When he is confused about class material, he is apt to give up easily.
b. He feels proud of his academic accomplishments.
c. He uses more effective learning strategies than his low-achieving classmates.
d. He has high self-efficacy regarding future school tasks.
Ques. 2Four students in Mr. Kent's physical education class have just done poorly on the school district's physical fitness test. Which student is exhibiting a mastery goal?
a. Muriel gets As in all her other classes so she doesn't mind getting a C in physical education.
b. Patrice is very upset about her poor performance and plans to work very hard to do better next year because she doesn't want her friends to think she's a wimp.
c. Oliver is going to come back after class to look at his scores and ask Mr. Kent for suggestions about how to improve in his weak areas.
d. Robert plans to start working out this very weekend so that he'll be in better shape. Because his father is the school football coach, everyone expects Robert to excel in athletics.
Ques. 3When Scott was first learning how to write, he wrote quickly and sloppily, without regard for how his papers looked.
But his teachers praised him regularly for writing carefully and legibly, and eventually he began to pride himself on his neat and careful handwriting. This transition can best be described as
a. Acquiring an external attribution
b. Developing internalized motivation
c. Developing situational interest
d. Developing extrinsic motivation
Ques. 4When 14-year-old Jonathan goes out for the high school cross-country team, he discovers that he's the slowest runner on the team. After three weeks of daily practice with the team, his speed and endurance improve little if at all.
Given what psychologists have learned about factors that influence the value learners attach to various activities, we can reasonably guess that Jonathan will:
a. Expect greater success as more time elapses
b. Try to convince his teammates that he's a better runner than he really is
c. Value cross-country running more than he has previously
d. Value cross-country running less than he has previously
Ques. 5Mike desperately wants to do well on the SAT Reasoning Test, because his scores on this test will affect his chances of getting into his first-choice college.
He also knows that many students at his school think SAT scores are good indicators of how smart one is. Yet the night before the test, rather than get a good night's sleep, Mike goes out with his friends, has a few beers, comes home late, and wakes up with a hangover. With this information in mind, we might suspect that Mike:
a. Is engaging in self-handicapping
b. Is working hard to counteract the effects of stereotype threat
c. Is the victim of situated motivation
d. Has facilitating anxiety about the test
Ques. 6Marion puts off doing a project for the science fair until she has so little time to do it that she cannot possibly complete a good project. Such behavior is most consistent with the concept of:
a. Hot cognition
b. Resilient self-efficacy
c. A mastery goal
d. Self-handicapping
Ques. 7Jane has a high sense of self-efficacy regarding her ability to work effectively and creatively with wood. Based on this information, we would predict three of the following. Which one of the following would we not necessarily predict?
a. Jane will frequently choose activities that involve working with wood.
b. Jane will be a bit careless when she works with wood, so she will frequently make silly little mistakes.
c. Compared to Joan, who has low self-efficacy, Jane will do a better job at woodworking tasks.
d. If Jane has difficulty at a task requiring her woodworking skills, she will tend to try, try again until she gets it right.
Ques. 8Which one of the following illustrates personal interest rather than situational interest?
a. Jennifer is puzzled when a peeled hardboiled egg is suddenly sucked into a bottle after the teacher lights a fire inside the bottle.
b. Trent gets totally wrapped up in the new adventure novel he reads during free time.
c. Riley can't wait to find out what's in the big cardboard box his teacher has brought to school today.
d. Victoria loves ballet and wants to become a ballerina when she grows up.
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