In a study by Steele and Aronson (1995) demonstrating the effects of stereotype threat, ...

In a study by Steele and Aronson (1995) demonstrating the effects of stereotype threat, African-American students performed
 
  A) better on a verbal section of the Graduate Record Exam when race was made salient.
  B) better on a verbal section of the Graduate Record Exam when they thought the test was diagnostic of intellectual abilities.
  C) worse on a verbal section of the Graduate Record Exam when race was made salient.
  D) worse on a verbal section of the Graduate Record Exam when they were threatened with a punishment for every wrong answer.