Describe how periodontal disease is treated.

Periodontal disease is treated by removing the bacterial plaque (the causative agent of the disease) and the calcified calculus deposits on the teeth. Depending on the severity of the disease, surgery, or the use of antibiotics may be necessary. The key is to prevent the buildup of plaque and the initiation of disease in the first place. Patients are usually referred to the periodontist by a general dentist, although they may self-refer if they suspect a problem developing. Periodontists also perform surgical procedures to improve smile aesthetics and place implants.